Lithium Ion Glassy Electrolytes: Properties, Fundamentals, and Applications

Contents
Part I Fundamentals of Metal Oxide Glass Composites
1 Fundamentals of Lithium-Ion Containing Glassy Systems
	1.1 Glass
	1.2 Nanocomposites and Glass Nanocomposites
		1.2.1 Classification of Glass Nanocomposites
	1.3 Classification of Ionic Glasses
		1.3.1 Molybdate Glass Nanocomposites
		1.3.2 Selenite Glass Nanocomposites
	1.4 Li-Conducting Glasses
		1.4.1 Brief Review of Some Previous Works
		1.4.2 Applications
	1.5 Mixed Former Effect of Li-Ion-Doped Glassy Systems
	1.6 Key Objectives
	References
2 Lithium-Ion-Doped Glassy System
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Lithium-Ion-Doped Glassy System (Various Systems)
	2.3 Advantage and Disadvantage Such Glassy System
	2.4 Comparison of Lithium-Doped Glassy Systems with Other Oxide Glassy Systems
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
3 Methods of Preparation of Lithium Ion-Doped Glassy Systems
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Various Methods of Preparations of Lithium Ion-Doped Glassy Systems
		3.2.1 Melt-Quenching Followed by Heat Treatment
		3.2.2 Gel Desiccation
		3.2.3 Thermal Evaporation
		3.2.4 Sputtering
		3.2.5 Chemical Route
		3.2.6 Template Assisted Growth
		3.2.7 Other Techniques
	3.3 Some Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Methods (Cost-Effective, Usefulness, etc.)
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
4 Features of Lithium-Ion Doped Glassy Systems
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Glass Formation Principles
	4.3 Structural Basis for Glass Formation
		4.3.1 Molybdate Basis
		4.3.2 Selenite Basis
	4.4 Steps of Manufacturing Such Glassy Systems
	4.5 Technological Approaches
	4.6 Conclusion
	References
5 Experimental Tools for Characterizations of Lithium-Ion Doped Glassy Systems
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Methods Used for Characterization and Features of Their Application for Glass Composite Characterization
		5.2.1 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
		5.2.2 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)
		5.2.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
		5.2.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
		5.2.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
		5.2.6 Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis)
		5.2.7 Raman Spectroscopy
		5.2.8 Density and Molar Volume
		5.2.9 Microhardness Testing
		5.2.10 Electrical and Dielectric Property: Measurement Techniques
	References
Part II Features of Some Lithium Doped Glassy Systems and Properties
6 DC Electrical Conductivity as Major Electrical Characterization Tool
	6.1 General Consideration
	6.2 Transport Theory with Examples
		6.2.1 Anderson-Stuart Model
		6.2.2 Ravaine-Souquet Model
	6.3 DC Electrical Conductivity of Some Li Containing Glassy Systems Using Various Models
	6.4 Study of Temperature and Composition Dependency of Conductivity
	6.5 Conclusion
	References
7 Frequency-Dependent AC Conductivity of Some Glassy Systems
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Experimental
	7.3 Results and Discussion
		7.3.1 Microstructure
		7.3.2 Power Law Model and Almond-West Model
		7.3.3 Others
	7.4 Conclusion
	References
8 Dielectric Properties and Analysis of Some Li-Doped Glassy Systems
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Experimental
	8.3 Results and Discussion
		8.3.1 Microstructure
		8.3.2 Study of Dielectric Constant
		8.3.3 Study of Electric Modulus Spectra
	8.4 Conclusion
	References
9 Optical Properties of Some Li-Doped Glassy Systems
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Experimental Results and Analysis
		9.2.1 Studies on Density, Molar Volume, Coordination Number and Refractive Index
		9.2.2 Study on Optical Band Gap
		9.2.3 UV Absorption Spectra
		9.2.4 Study of Urbach Energy
		9.2.5 Study of Infrared Spectra
	9.3 Review Works and Applications
	9.4 Conclusion
	References
10 Mechanical Properties of Some Li-Doped Glassy Systems
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 General Consideration
	10.3 Few Lithium-Doped Glassy Systems
	10.4 Different Mechanical Properties of Some Lithium-Doped Glassy Systems (Literature Survey)
		10.4.1 Mechanical Testing
		10.4.2 Density (Ρ) and Molar Volume (Vm)
		10.4.3 Microstructural Analysis
		10.4.4 Elastic Properties
		10.4.5 Effect of Residual Stress
		10.4.6 Effect of Additives
		10.4.7 Effect of Heat Treatment
		10.4.8 Effect of Crystal Size
		10.4.9 Translucency Effect
	10.5 Conclusion
	References
11 Thermal Properties of Some Li-Doped Glassy Systems
	11.1 General Consideration
	11.2 Different Thermal Properties of Some Chalcogenide Glassy Systems (Literature Survey)
	11.3 Conclusions
	References
12 Comparison Between Some Glassy Systems and Their Heat-Treated Counterparts
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 General Consideration
	12.3 Various Cases
		12.3.1 Laboratory Experiment and Measurement of As-Prepared Glassy Samples
		12.3.2 Results and Discussion
	12.4 Advantages and Disadvantages
	12.5 Conclusion
	References
Part III Applications of Li-doped Glass Composites
13 Electrodes
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Advantages of Li-Doped Glass Composites as Electrodes
	13.3 Review Works on Li-Doped Glass Composites as Electrodes
	13.4 Materials Acceptable for Application Parameters
	13.5 Conclusion
	References
14 Photonic Glass Ceramics
	14.1 Photonic Glass Ceramics—What Is It?
	14.2 Background
	14.3 Chalcogenide Glassy Systems
	14.4 Optical Properties of Chalcogenide Glasses
	14.5 Optical Losses in Chalcogenide Glasses
	14.6 Materials Acceptable for Application and Parameters
	14.7 Chalcogenide Glassy Composites Containing Lithium for Application in Photonic Devices
	14.8 Conclusion
	References
15 Battery Applications
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Advantages of Li-Doped Glass Composites for Battery Applications
	15.3 Materials Acceptable for Application
	15.4 Comparison Between Li-Doped and Other Glassy Systems for Battery Applications
		15.4.1 Oxide-Type Conductor
		15.4.2 Sulphide-Type Li-Ion Conductors
	15.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Inorganic Lithium-Ion Conductor for Battery Application
	15.6 Parameters for Various Issues
		15.6.1 Electrolytes
		15.6.2 Various Features
		15.6.3 Advancement of Materials
	15.7 Conclusion
	References
16 Electrochemical Applications
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Materials
	16.3 Properties
		16.3.1 Experimental Evidence
		16.3.2 Background Behind Cyclic Voltammetry
	References
17 Other Applications
	17.1 Materials
	17.2 Experimental
		17.2.1 Studies in Lithium Oxide Systems: Lithium Phosphate Compounds (Li2O-P2O5)
		17.2.2 Lithium Oxide Effect on the Thermal and Physical Properties of the Ternary System Glasses (Li2O3-B2O3-Al2O3)
		17.2.3 Optical Properties of Lithium Borate Glass (Li2O)x(B2O3)1-x
		17.2.4 Characterization and Properties of Lithium Disilicate Glass–Ceramics in the SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 System for Dental Applications
		17.2.5 Properties of Unconventional Lithium Bismuthate Glasses
		17.2.6 Effect of Li2O and Na2O on Structure and Properties of Glass System (B2O3-ZnO)
		17.2.7 Crystallization Characteristics and Properties of Lithium Germanosilicate Glass–Ceramics Doped with Some Rare Earth Oxides
		17.2.8 Thermal, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties of Lithium Phosphate Glasses Doped with Copper Oxide
	17.3 Properties
		17.3.1 Lithium Oxide Effect on the Thermal and Physical Properties of the Ternary System Glasses (Li2O3-B2O3-Al2O3)
		17.3.2 Optical Properties of Lithium Borate Glass (Li2O)x(B2O3)1−x
		17.3.3 Characterization and Properties of Lithium Disilicate Glass–Ceramics in the SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 System for Dental Applications
		17.3.4 Properties of Unconventional Lithium Bismuthate Glasses
		17.3.5 Thermal, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties of Lithium Phosphate Glasses Doped with Copper Oxide
	17.4 Applications:
		17.4.1 Progress in Solid Electrolytes Towards Realizing Solid-State Lithium Batteries
		17.4.2 Charge Carrier Transport and Electrochemical Stability of Li2O-Doped Glassy Ceramics
		17.4.3 PH Sensors with Lithium Lanthanum Titanate Sensitive Material: Applications in Food Industry
		17.4.4 Co3O4 Nanomaterials in Lithium-Ion Batteries and Gas Sensor
		17.4.5 Nanostructured Silicon for High Capacity Lithium Battery Anodes
		17.4.6 Dielectric Studies of Silver-Doped Lithium Tellurite Borate Glasses for Fast Ionic Battery Applications
	References