Lectins: Biomedical Perspectives

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 10
List of Contributors......Page 11
Introduction......Page 14
Plant lectins are a heterogeneous group of proteins......Page 15
Plant storage proteins......Page 16
Seed lectins......Page 17
Lectins in vegetative plant storage organs......Page 18
BULBS......Page 20
BARK......Page 21
OTHER VEGETATIVE STORAGE ORGANS......Page 23
Plant lectins are unique proteins because of their carbohydrate-binding activity......Page 24
Lectins with fungitoxic properties......Page 26
Plant lectins toxic for higher animals......Page 27
Recent developments and future prospects......Page 28
References......Page 29
Introduction......Page 32
Materials and methods......Page 33
Results and discussion......Page 34
Acknowledgements......Page 36
References......Page 39
Role of lectins in plant defence......Page 42
Crop protection......Page 43
Coleoptera......Page 45
Homoptera......Page 48
Mechanism of lectin toxicity......Page 51
Expression of Galanthus nivalis lectin (GNA)......Page 55
References......Page 59
Introduction......Page 62
Purification and molecular structure of Amaryllidaceae, Alliaceae and Orchidaceae lectins......Page 63
Biological activities and applications of mannose-specific lectins......Page 65
Biosynthesis and molecular cloning of Amaryllidaceae lectins......Page 66
Biosynthesis and cloning of GNA......Page 67
Molecular cloning of other Amaryllidaceae lectins......Page 69
Biosynthesis and cloning of ASA......Page 70
Molecular cloning of AUA......Page 71
Molecular cloning of Alliaceae lectins from A. cepa, A. ascalonicum and A. porrum......Page 72
Molecular cloning of two mannose-binding lectins from Listera ovata......Page 73
General discussion......Page 74
References......Page 76
Introduction......Page 80
Growth, structural and functional characteristics of Caco-2 cells......Page 81
Lectin-binding by qualitative and quantitative methods......Page 82
Actin cytoskeletal lesions after exposure to lectins......Page 85
Lectin-induced changes in the cellular metabolism.......Page 87
Morphological alterations in the brush-border membrane......Page 90
Interference of lectins with transepithelial transport of (macro)molecules......Page 92
Interference of lectins with adherence, penetration and translocation of bacteria......Page 94
References......Page 95
Introduction......Page 99
Resistance of plant lectins to proteolytic degradation......Page 100
Binding of lectins to the brush-order membrane......Page 101
Metabolic changes induced by the lectins in epithelial cells......Page 102
Crypt cell proliferation rate......Page 104
Effect of increased CCPR on glycosylation......Page 106
Displacement of endogenous ligands by dietary lectins......Page 107
Future perspectives and practical implications of lectin-gut interaction......Page 108
References......Page 109
Introduction......Page 111
Physiological problems related to non-specific mucoadhesion within the gastrointestinal tract......Page 112
Lectin-mediated adhesion to the gastrointestinal mucosa......Page 114
Lectins specific for carbohydrates others than N-acetylglucosamine......Page 115
Bacterial and viral adhesion factors......Page 121
Specific endo- and trans-cytosis of bioadhesive ligands—A new perspective for the development of macromolecular drug carriers......Page 122
Lectin-mediated transcytosis......Page 123
Concluding remarks......Page 126
References......Page 128
Introduction......Page 132
Lectins with potential insecticidal properties......Page 133
Lectin-induced growth of the pancreas......Page 134
Comparison of the effects of lectins and trypsin inhibitors on the pancreas......Page 135
Mechanism of stimulation of pancreatic growth......Page 136
Nutritional implications for transgenic plants......Page 138
Conclusion......Page 140
References......Page 141
Mitogenic lectins and their receptors on lymphocytes......Page 144
Receptors for non-mitogenic lectins......Page 146
Accessoty cells and cytokines......Page 147
Conclusion......Page 148
Lectins and lymphoid cell identification and separation......Page 149
Lectins as drugs......Page 150
Introduction......Page 151
Membrane-bound C-type lectins......Page 152
Collectins......Page 153
Selectins......Page 154
Pentraxins......Page 155
S-type lectins......Page 156
Non-C, non-S(N)-type lectins......Page 158
References......Page 159
Introduction......Page 168
Techniques of lectin cytochemistry......Page 169
Lectin cytochemistry of stem cells and epithelial cell lineages......Page 171
Maturation of absorptive enterocytes......Page 173
Glycosylation mosaicism......Page 174
M cell glycosylation markers......Page 175
Intestinal membrane sialylation......Page 176
Postnatal glycosylation ‘shifts’......Page 177
Mechanisms of intestinal glycosylation......Page 178
Absorptive enterocytes......Page 179
Goblet cells......Page 180
‘Glycosylation engineering’ and lectin cytochemistry......Page 183
Epithelial receptors for enteric micro-organisms—host tropism......Page 184
References......Page 185
Introduction......Page 191
Breast cancer......Page 192
Colon cancer......Page 193
Tumours of the genitourinary tract......Page 195
Endogenous lectins......Page 196
References......Page 198
Altered lectin-binding to colonic tissue in pre-malignant and malignant disease......Page 203
Peanut lectin (PNA)......Page 204
Jacalin (JAC)......Page 205
Binding sites for lectins on colon tumour cells......Page 206
Possible role of receptors for galactose-binding lectins in the regulation of cellular proliferation......Page 207
References......Page 208
Introduction......Page 210
Attachment of E. coli to eukaryotic cells is mediated by surface lectins......Page 211
Haemagglutination......Page 212
In vitro attachment to immobilized glycoproteins......Page 213
Purification of E. coli fimbrial lectins......Page 215
Gene clusters encoding fimbriae biosynthesis: a few well-studied examples......Page 219
A gene encoding a multifunctional, smaller, periplasmic protein......Page 220
A gene coding for the synthesis of the major fimbrial subunit......Page 221
In all clusters a gene is found encoding a protein with a molecular mass around 30 kDa......Page 222
Genes involved in regulation of fimbriae expression......Page 223
Type 1 fimbriae......Page 224
K99 fimbriae......Page 226
987P fimbriae......Page 228
F41 fimbriae......Page 229
F17 fimbriae......Page 230
F111 fimbriae......Page 232
CS31A fimbriae......Page 235
K88 fimbriae......Page 236
Human colonization factor antigens (CFA’s)......Page 238
Prevention by antibodies......Page 241
Prevention by receptor analogues......Page 242
Epilogue......Page 245
Acknowledgements......Page 246
References......Page 248
Introduction......Page 259
Fimbrial Adhesins......Page 260
Non-fimbrial adhesins......Page 262
Characterization (Lintermans et al., 1988a)......Page 263
Cloning of the F17 gene cluster and identification of the F17-A subunit gene (Lintermans et al., 1988b)......Page 264
Function and nucleotide sequence of the F17-G gene (Lintermans et al., 1990)......Page 265
Effect of incubation temperature on the expression of F17 fimbriae (Lintermans, 1990)......Page 266
F17-Specific adhesion blockers and vaccines......Page 267
General conclusions......Page 268
References......Page 269
Lectin-induced coliform overgrowth in the small intestine......Page 275
Prevention of bacterial diseases by probiosis......Page 277
Blocking by saccharides......Page 278
Blocking by plant lectins......Page 279
Acknowledgements......Page 281
References......Page 282
Index......Page 283