Lawyers in 21st-Century Societies: Vol. 2: Comparisons and Theories

Preface\nTable of Contents\nList of Contributors\nVolume One: National Reports Table of Contents\nINTRODUCTION\n	1. Studying Lawyers Comparatively in the 21st Century: Issues in Method and Methodology\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Methodological Issues\n		III. The Early Studies: Weber, Functionalism and Beyond\n		IV. Comparative Methodology of the Legal Profession – From Abel and Lewis to Krause\n		V. From Methodology to Practice\n		VI. The Structure of the Book\n		VII. Conclusion\n		References\nPART I: COMPARISONS: REGIONS, RELIGIONS, POLITICAL ECONOMIES\n	2. Evolution of Latin American Lawyers Over Three Decades: 1990–2020\n		I. Introduction\n		II. The Apparent Parochialism of Latin American Lawyers\n		III. Law Students and Scholars as Pillars of the Legal Professions in Latin America\n		IV. Latin American Lawyers Here and There\n		V. Conclusion\n		References\n	3. Africa’s Lawyers: From Imperial Agents to Legal Brokers in Global Markets\n		I. The \'Problem Of The Present\' in a Post-Imperial World\n		II. Imperial Shadows\n		III. Lawyers as Gate-Keepers\n		IV. From Double Agents to Bouncers\n		V. From Intermediaries of the State to Private Legal Brokers of Sovereignty on Global Markets\n		VI. Conclusion\n		References\n	4. Lawyers in the Muslim World: Between Social Transformation, Judicial Control, and Feminisation\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Vectors of Differentiation\n		III. General Trends: Density and Growth of the Legalprofession in the Muslim World\n		IV. Bar Associations\n		V. Fissions and Fusions in the Legal Profession\n		VI. Women in the Legal Profession\n		VII. Lawyers\' Mobilisation\n		VIII. Conclusion\n		References\n	5. Post-Socialist Legal Professions: Jurisdictional Volatility, Changing Regulatory Logics and the Return of Guilds\n		I. Introduction: State-Socialist and Post-Socialist Transformations\n		II. Key Theoretical Categories\n		III. A Comparative Survey of Post-Socialist Countries\n		IV. Gender and Legal Professions in Post-Socialist Contexts\n		V. Conclusions\n		References\nPART II: DIVERSITY\n	6. Understanding Gender Inequality in the Legal Profession\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Women\'s Rising Representation in the Legal Profession across Countries\n		III. Inequality Regimes across Legal Markets\n		IV. Explaining Gender Inequalities in the Legal Profession\n		V. Conclusion\n		References\n	7. Men, Masculinities and the Legal Professions: Asking the ‘Man Question’\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Masculinities, Lawyers and Legal Professions in a Global Frame: History, Key Concepts and Recent Developments\n		III. Two Case Studies: Fatherhood, Care and Transnational Masculinities\n		IV. Men in the Global Frame: Legal Professionsand the Limits of Masculinity\n		V. Concluding Remarks\n		References\n	8. Race, Ethnicity and the Legal Profession\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Indigenous Lawyers: Australia, Canada and New Zealand\n		III. United States\n		IV. The Netherlands\n		V. England and Wales\n		VI. Conclusion\n		References\nPART III: PRODUCTION OF LAW AND LAWYERS\n	9. Still Special After All These Years? Fundamental Questions in Legal Services Regulation\n		I. Introduction and Theoretical Framework\n		II. Legal Professionalism: Lawyers Regulating Lawyers\n		III. Alternative Regulatory Institutions\n		IV. Alternative Regulatory Logics\n		V. The Rationale of Legal Services Regulation: Public and Private Interest Theories\n		VI. Conclusion: Lawyers in Society: 30 Years On\n		References\n	10. When and Why Do Lawyer Organisations Seek to Influence Law?\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Theoretical Perspectives on Why Lawyer Organisations Might Seek to Influence Law\n		III. Law-Making Activities by Lawyer Organisations in Seven Countries\n		IV. Expanding the Analysis of Lawyer Organisations to Other Countries\n		V. Conclusion: When and Why Do Lawyer Organisations Act to Influence Law\n		References\n	11. Globalisation and Education: Reconfigurations in Location, Scale, Form and Content\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Changes in the Location of Legal Education\n		III. Changes in Scale – Expansion of Legal Education\n		IV. Changes in the Scale of Legal Education – Diversification and Stratification\n		V. Form and Content of Legal Education\n		VI. Shifts in the Curriculum to Legal Clinics\n		VII. Conclusion\n		References\n	12. Paralegals and the Casualisation of Legal Labour Markets\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Paralegals in Chile: Court Clerks, Law Graduates and Judicial Reforms after the Dictatorship\n		III. Paralegals in the Netherlands\n		IV. Paralegals in Italy: Invisible Figures in Search of a Professional Status\n		V. England and Wales: the Unregulated Paralegal\n		VI. Paralegals in the United States: New Frontiers\n		VII. Conclusion\n		References\nPART IV:\rLAWYERS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE\n	13. Lawyers and Access to Justice\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Access to Justice and American Lawyers\n		III. Lawyers and Access to Justice in the Scandinavian Welfare States\n		IV. English Lawyers and Access to Justice\n		V. Conclusion\n		References\n	14. Cause Lawyering in Conflicted, Authoritarian and Transitional Societies: Politics, Professionalism and Gender\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Cause Lawyering in Settled Democracies\n		III. Cause Lawyering in Conflicted and Authoritarian Societies\n		IV. Cause Lawyering in Transitional Societies\n		V. Gender and Cause Lawyering in Conflict and Transition\n		VI. Conclusion\n		References\n	15. Advocates for Silenced Voices: How Human Rights Lawyers in Europe and Latin America Defend the Rule of Law\n		I. Introduction\n		II. The Rule of Law, the Right to a Fair Trial and the Legal Profession\n		III. Country Studies\n		IV. Outlook\n		References\nPART V: MULTINATIONAL FIRMS\n	16. The Many Lives of Big Law: Three Decades in the Evolution of Large Law Firms\n		I. Introduction: Big Law Conquers the World\n		II. The Current Landscape of Large Law Firms: Big,Wide and Complicated\n		III. Dressed Like Corporations\n		IV. Conclusion\n		References\n	17. Globalisation, Lawyers, and Emerging Economies: The Rise, Transformation, and Significance of the New Corporate Legal Ecosystem in India, Brazil, and China\n		I. Introduction\n		II. The Global Shift and the Pull of the Globalgold Standard in Corporate Legal Practice\n		III. The Rise of the Corporate Legal Sector in India, Brazil, and China\n		IV. Corporate Lawyers in the Field of State Power\n		V. Conclusion: Will Chinese Exceptionalism Become the Norm?\n		References\n	18. Lawyers and the European Union: The Rise of a Regulatory Bar in Brussels (1989–2019)\n		I. Inventing a New Role for the Legal Profession: European Regulatory Lawyers\' Activities in Brussels\n		II. Regulatory Lawyers as Boundary Entrepreneurs\n		III. Conclusion\n		References\nPART VI:\rSOCIOLOGY OF PROFESSIONS\n	19. Between Rules and Power: Finding a Place for Lawyers in the Sociology of Professions\n		I. Searching for Uniqueness in the Professions\n		II. Rules: A Technical and Moral Toolkit\n		III. Power: An Unruly River\n		IV. Between Rules and Power\n		V. Conclusion\n		References\n	20. Accountants versus Lawyers: Comparing the Moneymen with the Monied (Gentle)men\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Comparative Profile of Audit and Legal Professional Service Fields\n		III. Jurisdictional Expansion Versus Jurisdictional Consolidation\n		IV. Summary and Conclusions\n		Appendix\n		References\n	21. The Mutation of Medical Professionalism\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Axes of Professional Disruption\n		III. Theorising Transformations of Medical Professionalism\n		IV. Mutation of Professionalism\n		V. Examples of a Mutating Medical Profession?\n		VI. Conclusions\n		References\n	22. Legal Technology: The Great Disruption?\n		I. Legal Tech: The Emergence of a Paradigm\n		II. How is Legal Tech Changing the Legal Services Ecosystem ?\n		III. Legal Tech and the Sociology of the Profession: The Problems of Knowledge and Expertise\n		IV. Conclusion: The (Not Quite) Great Disruption\n		Glossary\n		References\nPART VII: LAWYERS AND STATE PRODUCTION\n	23. State-Centred Comparison of Legal Professions in an Era of Globalisation\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Global Comparison – Conceptual Challenges\n		III. State Structure and Legal Profession Development – Global Comparisons\n		IV. Legal Professions and the New Internationalism\n		V. Globalisation Backlash – Post-9/11 and Populist States\n		VI. States, Legal Professions and Prospects for Justice\n		References\n	24. Law as Reproduction and Revolution: An Interconnected History of the Internationalisation of National Legal Hierarchies\n		I. The Development of Small Cosmopolitan Legal Elitesin Medieval Europe: Origins and the Creation of Modelsexported to Colonial Settings\n		II. The US Hybrid Model – a Divided Profession Dominated by the Corporate Law/Elite Law School Relationship\n		III. Asian Case Studies: Challenges and Responsesto a New Legal Revolution\n		IV. Concluding Observations\n		References\n	25. Money Laundering, Corruption and the Legal Profession: An Exploration\n		I. Introduction\n		II. Lawyers\'\r Involvement with Grand Corruption and Laundering\n		III. The Anti-Money Laundering Movement: The Context of Lawyer Regulation\n		IV. Regulating the Legal Profession for Anti-Money Laundering and Corruption\n		V. Conclusions\n		Glossary\n		References\nCONCLUSION:\n	26. Comparative Sociology of Lawyers, 1988–2018: Governance, Regulation, Access to Justice, Political Engagement, Regime Change and the Rule of Law\n		I. Self-Governance\n		II. Self-Regulation\n		III. Legal Aid and Pro Bono\n		IV. Lawyers in Politics\n		V. Rrgime Change\n		VI. Rule of Law\n		VII. A Research Agenda\n		VIII. The Future\n		References\nIndex