Law as a Means to an End: Threat to the Rule of Law (Law in Context)

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Introduction......Page 15
An Instrumental Mindset Toward Law......Page 20
Plan of the Book......Page 21
Part 1: The spread of legal instrumentalism......Page 23
1 Non-instrumental views of law......Page 25
Traditional understandings of the common law......Page 26
Scientific understandings of the common law......Page 29
Myths with consequences......Page 32
Enlightenment and its aftermath......Page 34
2 A changing society and common law in the nineteenth century......Page 38
A period of rapid change......Page 42
The dual nature of the common law......Page 45
Non-instrumental attention to consequences......Page 47
Skepticism about non-instrumentalism as a facade......Page 48
Dominance of laissez faire and Social Darwinism......Page 49
Contest between legislation and common law......Page 55
Conflict fought through law at the close of the century......Page 58
Why formalist judges struck legislation......Page 61
Instrumental views of the nineteenth-century legal profession......Page 66
Shared interest of the legal elite......Page 71
4 Instrumentalism of the legal realists......Page 74
Pragmatism, Holmes, and Pound......Page 75
The legal realists......Page 79
The realism of the legal establishment view......Page 83
The realists'  quest for certainty in law......Page 84
The intractable problem of ends in law......Page 85
Court packing plan......Page 91
Implications for an instrumental view of law......Page 95
Warren Court reforms, and the backlash......Page 98
Burger Court continues trend......Page 101
Rehnquist Court activism......Page 104
Five types of instrumentalism......Page 109
Part 2: Contemporary legal instrumentalism......Page 113
6 Instrumentalism in legal academia in the 1970s......Page 115
The legal process response to legal realism......Page 116
Social consensus underpinnings......Page 121
Conflict penetrates the legal academy......Page 124
Legal instrumentalism and moral relativism in the academy......Page 126
Economic analysis of law......Page 132
Critical approaches to law......Page 134
Law and society movement......Page 137
Legal pragmatism......Page 140
Formal rule of law......Page 144
Remaining non-instrumental views of law......Page 145
Getting by without a theory of law......Page 146
8 Instrumentalism in the legal profession......Page 147
The brutish conditions of contemporary legal practice......Page 150
The lawyer's two devotions: clients and the public good......Page 152
Instrumental manipulation of legal rules and processes......Page 159
Breakup of the legal elite......Page 164
9 Instrumentalism of cause litigation......Page 170
Origins of public interest litigation......Page 171
Contemporary public interest litigation......Page 174
Consequences of the battles of interest groups......Page 178
Debasing the notion of "the public interest"......Page 184
10 Instrumentalism and the judiciary......Page 186
The primacy of ideology in judicial appointments......Page 189
The rise of ideology in federal judicial appointments......Page 191
Ideology in contemporary federal judicial appointments......Page 195
State judicial elections......Page 199
Caught in a cycle of distrust......Page 202
11 Instrumentalism in legislation and administration......Page 204
Views on "public interest"  in government – public choice theory......Page 205
The effort to influence legislators and administrators......Page 209
How much money and how it is distributed......Page 212
The explosion and penetration of lobbying......Page 215
Have private interests seized control of the government?......Page 217
Piercing the "public interest" shield – the PhRMA example......Page 221
Battles over and through law – the U.S. Chamber of Commerce......Page 223
"Lawyers, lawyers everywhere"......Page 225
Part 3: Corroding the rule of law......Page 227
12 Collapse of higher law, deterioration of common good......Page 229
Collapse of higher limits on law......Page 230
The consequences of the collapse......Page 232
Historical primacy of the "common good" ideal......Page 233
Judicial tainting of the notion of the common good......Page 235
Modern pluralism and skepticism and the common good......Page 236
Battles to seize the law and their consequences......Page 238
Antithesis between rule-bound and purpose orientation......Page 241
Unstable combination of rule-bound and purpose-oriented......Page 245
Modern skepticism about judicial objectivity......Page 248
Realists and the possibility of judicial objectivity......Page 251
Postmodernism and judicial objectivity......Page 253
The significance of a consciously rule-bound orientation......Page 255
Epilogue......Page 260
Index......Page 265