Landscapes and Labscapes: Exploring the Lab-Field Border in Biology

Contents
List of Illustrations
	William F. Ganong
	2.1 Charles O. Whitman
	2.2 Charles C. Adams
	2.3 Collecting expedition, Woods Hole
	2.4 Carnegie Station for Experimental Evolution
	2.5 University of Pennsylvania vivarium
	2.6 Field station, Gull Lake
	2.7 Carnegie Institution Desert Laboratory
	3.1 Charles B. Davenport
	3.2 Carl H. Eigenmann at Donaldson’s Cave
	3.3 Student fieldwork, Syracuse Lake
	3.4 Henry F. Nachtrieb and “Megalops”
	3.5 “Driftwood Lake” (Sister Lake)
	3.6 Henry C. Cowles and Homer L. Shantz
	4.1 Counting a quadrat, Mount Garfield
	4.2 A chart quadrat
	4.3 Eggbeater psychrometer
	4.4 Edward A. Birge and Chancey Juday, Lake Mendota
	4.5 Atmometers
	4.6 Phytometer garden, Pike’s Peak
	4.7 Edith and Frederic E. Clements
	4.8 Stations in the Santa Catalina Mountains
	5.1 Francis B. Sumner, Woods Hole
	5.2 Francis B. Sumner with “Perodipus”
	5.3 Mexico, William Tower’s field sites
	5.4 Arthur Banta, Cold Spring Harbor
	5.5 Tahiti, topographic map
	5.6 Victor E. Shelford, University of Chicago
	5.7 Field stations, Sierra Nevada
	5.8 Harvey Hall’s field garden
	5.9 Taxonomy of a species group
	5.10 Jens Clausen’s field gardens
	6.1 Conway MacMillan
	6.2 William F. Ganong
	6.3 Henry C. Cowles and students
	6.4 Henry A. Gleason
	6.5 Edith and Frederic E. Clements, Pike’s Peak
	6.6 Francis B. Sumner
	6.7 Forrest Shreve
	7.1 Glacier Bay, Alaska
	7.2 Salton Sea
	7.3 Lodgepole pine forest, Estes Park
	7.4 Concentric glacial bog
	7.5 Glacial physiography, Lake Michigan
	7.6 Indiana dunes
	7.7 Fossil beaches, Lake Michigan
	7.8 Lakeshore stream series
	7.9 San Francisco Mountains
	7.10 Humboldt Bay research site
	7.11 Santa Rosa Island
	8.1 Biogeography of subspecies ring
	8.2 Double invasion of an island
	8.3 Edgar Anderson
	8.4 Cajun farms, Mississippi Delta
	8.5 Distribution of hybrids
	8.6 Seasonal fauna, Cedar Creek Bog
	8.7 Cedar Creek Bog, Minnesota
	8.8 Transect, Cedar Creek Bog
	8.9 Vegetation map, Great Smoky Mountains
	9.1 Silver Springs, Florida
	9.2 Silver Springs sampling sites
	9.3 Sonoran desert expeditions
Preface
Chapter 1: Borders and History
	Field and Lab in Biology
	Lab and Field as Place
	Borders and Frontiers
	An Overview, with Caveats
Chapter 2: A New Natural History
	The New Natural History
	New Naturalists and Educational Reform
	Labscapes: Marine Stations and Biological Farms
	Labscapes: Vivaria and Field Stations
	Conclusion
Chapter 3: Border Crossings
	The Rise and Decline of Biometry
	Ecology: Physiology or Natural History?
	Up “Brush Creek” and Back Again
	Guardians of the Faith: Genetics and Physiology
	Conclusion
Chapter 4: Taking Nature’s Measure
	Trust in Numbers: Quadrats
	Taking Nature’s Measure: Instruments
	Plant-Machine: Atmometers and Phytometers
	Instrumental Eye: The Camera
	Making the Place Right: Forrest Shreve
	Conclusion
Chapter 5: Experiments in Nature
	Experimental Evolution
	Shifting Ground: Field and Lab
	Experiments in Nature: Ecology
	Experimental Taxonomy: Harvey M. Hall and Jens Clausen
	Conclusion
Chapter 6: Troubled Lives
	Midlife Crises: Ecology
	Ends and Means: Experimental Evolution
	Identity
	Genetics, True and False
	Physiologists and the Field
	Conclusion
Chapter 7: Nature’s Experiments
	Nature’s Experiments
	Places in Process
	Reading Places
	Physiographic Ecology
	Panoramas
	Evolution
	Conclusion
Chapter 8: Border Practices
	Geographical Speciation: Ernst Mayr
	Hybrid Introgression: Edgar Anderson
	Ecosystem Ecology: Raymond Lindeman
	Gradients and Continua: Robert Whittaker
	Conclusion
Chapter 9: Border Biology: A Transect
	The Border Zone: A Bird’s-Eye View
	Conclusion
Abbreviations
Bibliography
Index