Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship: Lessons from Chile

COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 3
SERIES-TITLE......Page 5
TITLE......Page 7
COPYRIGHT......Page 8
DEDICATION......Page 9
CONTENTS......Page 11
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 15
INTRODUCTION......Page 19
OVERVIEW OF THE ARGUMENT......Page 23
METHODOLOGY AND DATA REPORTING......Page 26
PLAN OF THE BOOK......Page 29
CHAPTER ONE THE JUDICIARY, THE RULE OF LAW, AND DEMOCRACY: ASPIRATIONS AND IMPEDIMENTS......Page 31
THE JUDICIAL ROLE IN DEMOCRACY AND DEMOCRATIZATION......Page 32
SO WHY BOTHER WITH JUDGES?......Page 36
THE ROOTS OF JUDICIAL BEHAVIOR IN GENERAL......Page 41
The Regime-Related Explanation......Page 45
The Attitudinal Explanation......Page 47
The Class-Based Explanation......Page 48
The Legal Theory Explanation......Page 49
THE INSTITUTIONAL ARGUMENT......Page 51
CHAPTER TWO THE INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE JUDICIAL ROLE IN CHILE......Page 59
LAW AND COURTS IN COLONIAL TIMES AND IN EARLY INDEPENDENCE......Page 60
LAW AND COURTS UNDER THE PORTALIAN REPUBLIC......Page 64
LAW AND COURTS BEFORE AND DURING THE PARLIAMENTARY REPUBLIC......Page 69
THE JUDICIARY IN CONSTITUTIONAL TRANSITION AND DICTATORSHIP......Page 73
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSERVATIVE JUDICIAL ACTIVISM FROM 1932 TO THE 1960S......Page 81
CONCLUSION......Page 89
CHAPTER THREE CONSERVATIVE ACTIVISM IN THE HEYDAY OF DEMOCRACY, 1964-1973......Page 91
THE JUDICIAL ROLE IN THE FREI AND ALLENDE YEARS......Page 93
EXPLAINING THE JUDICIAL ROLE UNDER FREI AND ALLENDE......Page 106
CONCLUSION......Page 119
CHAPTER FOUR LEGITIMIZING AUTHORITARIANISM, 1973-1990......Page 120
THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT’S APPROACH TO LAW (1973–1980)......Page 124
THE JUDICIAL RESPONSE TO MILITARY LAW AND POLICY (1973–1980)......Page 132
Habeas Corpus (Amparo)......Page 133
Review of Military Court Decisions......Page 138
Constitutional Review (Inaplicabilidad por Inconstitucionalidad)......Page 140
The New Constitutional Review Mechanism: Recurso de Protección......Page 142
High-Profile Public Law Cases......Page 144
Summary, 1973–1980......Page 147
THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT’S APPROACH TO LAW (1981–1990)......Page 149
THE JUDICIAL RESPONSE TO MILITARY LAW AND POLICY (1981–1990)......Page 155
Habeas Corpus (Amparo)......Page 159
Constitutional Review I: Recursos de Protección......Page 162
Constitutional Review II: Inaplicabilidad por Inconstitucionalidad......Page 165
High-Profile Public Law Cases......Page 168
Summary, 1981–1990......Page 174
REGIME-RELATED FACTORS......Page 175
POLITICAL ATTITUDES AND PREFERENCES......Page 178
LEGAL PHILOSOPHY......Page 184
INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE AND IDEOLOGY......Page 186
CONCLUSION......Page 194
CHAPTER FIVE CONTINUITY AND CHANGE AFTER THE RETURN TO DEMOCRACY, 1990–2000......Page 195
DEMOCRATIC-ERA EFFORTS TO LIBERALIZE LAW AND JUSTICE......Page 197
Decisions in Authoritarian-Era Rights Cases......Page 207
Decisions in Postauthoritarian Rights Cases......Page 221
EXPLAINING THE JUDICIAL ROLE IN THE NEW DEMOCRACY......Page 226
CONCLUSION......Page 240
CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS......Page 241
INSTITUTIONALIZED APOLITICISM......Page 242
INSTITUTIONALIZED APOLITICISM IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE......Page 247
BROADER IMPLICATIONS OF THE ARGUMENT......Page 257
The Limits of Judicial Independence......Page 258
INSTITUTIONS AS RULES  AND  ROLES......Page 260
In Defense of Political Courts......Page 261
APPENDIX A ORIENTING INFORMATION ON CHILEAN LAW AND COURTS......Page 269
APPENDIX B LIST OF INTERVIEWEES (ALPHABETICAL BY CATEGORY)......Page 275
REFERENCES......Page 279
INDEX......Page 305