Islamist Militancy in Bangladesh: A Pyramid Root Cause Model

Foreword
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
1 Introduction
	1.1 Revisiting Islamist Radicalization Puzzle
		1.1.1 Theories of Radicalization
		1.1.2 Models of Radicalization
	1.2 Methodology
	1.3 Limitations
	References
2 The Islamization of Bangladesh
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 The Spread of Islam in Bengal
	2.3 Islamization from Below
		2.3.1 Sufism or Popular Islam
		2.3.2 Neo-Fundamentalism (Wahhabism, Salafism and Deobandism)
		2.3.3 Islamism
		2.3.4 Contemporary Islamic Movements in Bangladesh
			2.3.4.1 The Barelvi Movement
			2.3.4.2 The Tablighi jama’at
			2.3.4.3 The Hefazat-e-Islam
	2.4 Islamization from Above
		2.4.1 The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)
		2.4.2 The Jatiya Party (JP)
		2.4.3 The Bangladesh Awami League (BAL)
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
3 The Rise and Growth of Islamist Militancy in Bangladesh
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 The Rise of Fundamentalism in Bangladesh
	3.3 The Growth of Islamist Militancy in Bangladesh
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
4 The Local Drivers of Islamist Militancy in Bangladesh
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Economic Factors
	4.3 Political Factors
	4.4 Social Factors
	4.5 Cultural Factors
	4.6 Educational Factors
	4.7 Psychological Factors
	4.8 Personal Frustrations
	4.9 Conclusion
	References
5 Ideological and Global Factors of Islamist Militancy in Bangladesh
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Ideology
	5.3 Global Factors
		5.3.1 The Fall of Socialism
		5.3.2 Failure of Islamist Political Parties
		5.3.3 The Failure of Muslim States
		5.3.4 Islamophobia
		5.3.5 Inspiration for Islamists
		5.3.6 IS and Al Qaeda Connections
		5.3.7 Neo-Imperialism
		5.3.8 Impact of Modernization
		5.3.9 The Influx of Rohingyas
		5.3.10 Diaspora Radicalization
		5.3.11 Transnational Militant Activities
	5.4 Conclusion
	References
6 Explaining Islamist Militancy: A Pyramid Root Cause Model
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 A Pyramid Root Cause Model
	6.3 Macro Level Causes
	6.4 Global Factors
		6.4.1 Global-Grievances
		6.4.2 Global-Facilitators
		6.4.3 Global-Networks
		6.4.4 Global-Triggers
	6.5 Local Factors
		6.5.1 Local Grievances
		6.5.2 Local-Facilitators
		6.5.3 Local-Networks
		6.5.4 Local-Triggers
	6.6 Micro Level Factors
		6.6.1 Micro-Grievances
		6.6.2 Micro-Facilitators
		6.6.3 Micro-Networks
		6.6.4 Micro-Triggers
	6.7 Ideological Factors
		6.7.1 Perceived Solutions for Grievances
		6.7.2 Ideological Facilitators
		6.7.3 Networks of Ummah
		6.7.4 Apocalyptic and Eschatological Triggers
	6.8 A Possible Model of Explanation
	6.9 Conclusion
	References
7 Concluding Remarks
	References
Index