Intelligent Transportation System and Advanced Technology (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I General
1 Introduction to Intelligent Transportation System and Advanced Technology
Part II Intelligent Transportation System, Materials, Process and Management
2 A Systematic Review on Renewable Hydrogen Application in the Land Transportation Sector
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Methodology
	2.3 Bibliometric Analysis
	2.4 Application of Renewable Hydrogen in Road Transportation
	2.5 Application of Renewable Hydrogen in Rail Transportation
	2.6 Final Considerations
	References
3 Efficiency Improvement of Reverse Logistics by Managing ITS Implementation and Analyzing Customer Behavior
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 Various Types of Returned Items
		3.1.2 Reverse Logistics Processes
		3.1.3 Reverse Logistics and Its Consequences on the Environment
	3.2 Methodology
		3.2.1 The Survey
		3.2.2 Expert Perspective
		3.2.3 Customer Perspective
		3.2.4 Interview
	3.3 Results
		3.3.1 The Survey
		3.3.2 Factor Analysis
		3.3.3 Discussion
	3.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
4 Studying the Effectiveness of Synthetic Rutile Made from Inferior Quality Ilmenite Ore
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Experimental Details
		4.2.1 Details of Experimental Setup
		4.2.2 Selection of Materials
		4.2.3 Procedure Employed
	4.3 Characterization Techniques
		4.3.1 Chemical Analysis
		4.3.2 Thermal Analysis
		4.3.3 Morphological Analysis
		4.3.4 Structure Analysis
	4.4 Results and Discussion
		4.4.1 Mineralogy of Ore
		4.4.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
		4.4.3 Structural Analysis
		4.4.4 EPMA Analysis
		4.4.5 Effect of Temperature on Ilmenite Reduction with 5% Charcoal and 5% Sodium Carbonate
		4.4.6 Effect of Time on Reduction of Ilmenite at 1050 °C
		4.4.7 Microstructural Analysis
	4.5 Conclusions
	References
5 Unearthing the Origins: A Comprehensive Analysis of Root Causes Behind Major Accidents in India’s Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Sector
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Research Methodology
		5.2.1 Input/Data/Structure/Questionnaire for Online Survey
	5.3 Analysis/Solution/Description
	5.4 Online Survey with Officials of Major Oil and Gas Companies
	5.5 Analysis of Survey Outcome
	5.6 Final Results
	5.7 Conclusion
	5.8 Scope of Future Study
	References
6 Waste-To-Biofuel Production for the Transportation Sector
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Waste-To-Biofuel Conversion Methods
		6.2.1 Advanced Technologies and Challenges
		6.2.2 GHG Emissions Reduction and Sustainability Aspects
	6.3 Land Transportation Sector
		6.3.1 Alternative Fuels for the Automobile Sector
		6.3.2 Alternative Fuels for the Railway Sector
	6.4 Aviation Sector
		6.4.1 Sustainable Aviation Fuel Technologies
	6.5 Maritime Sector
		6.5.1 Alternative Marine Fuels
	6.6 Conclusions
	References
7 Enhancing Multimodal Transportation in India: Jogighopa Multimodal Logistics Park
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Multimodal Transportation Planning
		7.2.1 Factors for Choosing a Particular Mode
		7.2.2 Utilities of Different Transportation Modes
		7.2.3 The Process for Transportation Planning
		7.2.4 Evaluating the Present Scenario
		7.2.5 Methods for Forecasting
		7.2.6 Meeting the Required Demand
		7.2.7 Defining the Best Strategy
	7.3 Challenges Faced by the Logistics Sector in India
	7.4 Untapped Opportunities—Multimodal Logistics Park as a Solution
		7.4.1 National Logistics Policy 2019
		7.4.2 Key Functions of Multimodal Logistics Parks
		7.4.3 Benefits of Multimodal Logistics Parks
		7.4.4 Potential Financing Mechanism for MMLP
		7.4.5 MMLP Authority
	7.5 Case Study—Jogighopa MMLP: Location and Infrastructure
		7.5.1 Key Features of Jogighopa MMLP
		7.5.2 Major Infrastructural Connectivity Required
	7.6 Planning to Build a World-Class Logistics Park
		7.6.1 Site Analyses
		7.6.2 Pre-feasibility Study
		7.6.3 Detail Project Report
		7.6.4 Further Steps in Planning
		7.6.5 Considerations During the Construction of the Project at the Jogighopa MMLP
		7.6.6 Planning for Construction of Roadways
		7.6.7 Planning for Construction of Railways
	7.7 Further Development of MMLP in India
		7.7.1 MMLP in Gujarat
		7.7.2 MMLP in Karnataka
	7.8 Discussions and Summary
	7.9 Conclusions
	Annexure 1 Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Rank and Score on All Major Components
	Annexure 2 Attractiveness of Value Proposition of MMLP for Various Commodities
	Annexure 3 Locations Identified for Logistics Parks
	References
8 Management of Intelligent Transportation Systems and Advanced Technology
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Implementation Methodology of ITS
	8.2 The Benefits of Advanced Technology in Transportation
		8.2.1 Strategic Planning and Implementation
		8.2.2 Organizational Culture and Change Management
		8.2.3 Role of Advanced Technologies Such as AI, ML, and IoT in ITS
		8.2.4 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in ITS
		8.2.5 Machine Learning (ML) in ITS
		8.2.6 Internet of Things (IoT) in ITS
		8.2.7 Integration of AI, ML, and IoT in ITS
	8.3 Regulatory and Legal Challenges in Adopting and Implementing Advanced Technology in Transportation
		8.3.1 Regulatory Framework and Compliance
		8.3.2 Safety and Liability
		8.3.3 Privacy and Data Protection
		8.3.4 Interoperability and Standards
		8.3.5 Intellectual Property Rights
		8.3.6 Public Acceptance and Social Impact
	8.4 Case Studies on Management of ITS And Advanced Technology
		8.4.1 London's Congestion Charge (Alrawi 2017)
		8.4.2 Stockholm's Road Pricing Scheme (Leape 2006)
		8.4.3 San Francisco's Advanced Traffic Management System (Armelius and Hultkrantz 2006)
		8.4.4 Tokyo's Public Transportation System (Olea et al. 2005)
		8.4.5 Barcelona's Smart City Initiatives (Zhou and Gao 2020)
	8.5 Anticipates Future Trends and Developments in ITS Management
		8.5.1 Need for Collaborative Work
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
9 Integration of Cycling with Public Transportation
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Factors Determining the Usage Statistics of a Transportation Mode
		9.2.1 Factors Determining Bicycle Usage in the Context of the Indian Population
		9.2.2 Sustainable Urban Public Transport
		9.2.3 Integrated Urban Transport
	9.3 Formulation—Intermodality and Cycling
		9.3.1 Intermodality Between Bicycles and Other Transport Systems
		9.3.2 Intermodality Between Bicycles and Public Transport
	9.4 Methodology
		9.4.1 Choice of the City for Integration
		9.4.2 Research Objectives and Questions
		9.4.3 Conceptual Framework
		9.4.4 Research Design
		9.4.5 Accessibility
		9.4.6 Distance Decay
	9.5 Study Area Description
		9.5.1 Geography
		9.5.2 Land Use
		9.5.3 Commuters’ Daily Modal Usage: A Survey
		9.5.4 Road Network
		9.5.5 Current Situation of Public Transportation in Vadodara
	9.6 Research Data—Analysis and Discussions
		9.6.1 Data Analysis
		9.6.2 Prioritizing Public Transport Stops and Routes to be Upgraded with Bicycle Infrastructure
		9.6.3 Discussions and Recommendations
	9.7 Conclusions
	References
10 Intelligent Technologies in High-Speed Rail Transit Systems
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Impact of Intelligent Technologies on High-Speed Rail System
		10.2.1 Traffic Management Systems
		10.2.2 Maintenance and Fault Detection Systems
		10.2.3 Communication Systems
		10.2.4 Driver Management Systems
		10.2.5 Transportation Security Systems
	10.3 Importance of Sensor Technology in High-Speed Rails
	10.4 Scope of Artificial Intelligence
	10.5 Limitations of Intelligent Technologies
	10.6 Future Aspects of Intelligent Technologies in HSR Systems
	10.7 Conclusion
	References
11 Management of GPS Tracking Systems in Transportation
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Principles of GPS Technology and Satellite Navigation
	11.3 Discussion on Components of a GPS Tracking System
	11.4 Implementation of GPS Tracking System
	11.5 Case Studies on GPS Systems
	11.6 Benefits of Collaborative Working
	11.7 Benefits, Challenges, and Future Scope
	11.8 Conclusion
	References
Part III Sustainable Transportation System and Application
12 Neighbourhood Walkability as a Determinant of Sustainable Transport Mode Choice: Evidence from Nigeria
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 The Study Context
	12.3 Literature Review and Conceptual Framework
		12.3.1 Empirical Review
		12.3.2 Conceptual Framework
	12.4 Methodology
	12.5 Results and Discussion
		12.5.1 Walkability of the High-Density Neighbourhoods of Ilesa
		12.5.2 Walkability of the Medium-Density Neighbourhoods of Ilesa
		12.5.3 Walkability of the Low-Density Neighbourhoods of Ilesa
		12.5.4 Neighbourhood Walkability Across Ilesa
		12.5.5 Neighbourhood Characteristics as a Determinant of Walking
	12.6 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
13 Cost Construction Management of Aerial Rope Systems for Sustainable Public Transport in Green Cities
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Geometric Characteristics and Forces in the Carrying Ropes of an Aerial Ropeway
	13.3 Optimization Problem
	13.4 The Relationship Between the Optimal Technical Characteristics of the Ropeways and the Terrain Parameters
	13.5 Preliminary Design and Evaluation of the Minimum Cost of Ropeway Construction as a Whole
	13.6 Conclusion
	References
14 Advanced Techniques in Upgrading Crude Bio-oil to Biofuel
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Conceptual Review of Bio-oil
		14.2.1 Proximate and Ultimate Parameters that Determine Suitability of Bio-oil Use as Biofuel
		14.2.2 Overview of Bio-oil Limitation as Biofuel
	14.3 Production of Bio-oil
		14.3.1 Production of Bio-oil via Thermochemical Conversion
	14.4 Advanced Techniques in Upgrading Crude Bio-oil to Biofuel
		14.4.1 Chemical Approaches for Enhancing Raw Bio-oil
		14.4.2 Physical Methods of Upgrading Crude Bio-oil
		14.4.3 Other Crude Bio-oil Upgrading Techniques
	14.5 Advantages of Advanced Upgrading Techniques and Qualities of Upgraded Bio-oil
		14.5.1 Advantages of Advanced Upgrading Techniques
		14.5.2 Qualities of Upgraded Bio-oil
	14.6 The Commercialization of the Concept, Prospects for the Future, and Conclusion
		14.6.1 Recent Developments and Emerging Trends in Technology
		14.6.2 Considerations Regarding the Economy and the Environment
		14.6.3 Challenges to Overcome and Possible Future Paths
	14.7 Conclusion
	References
15 Advancements in Vibration Analysis for Rail Vehicle Dynamics
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Vibration of Rail Vehicles: An Introduction to the Basic Concepts
		15.2.1 Interaction Between Wheels and Rails and the Sources of Excitation
		15.2.2 Responses to Dynamic Conditions and the Comfort of the Traveler
		15.2.3 Effects on the Stability and Security of the Structure
		15.2.4 Prospects for the Future: Integrating and Maximizing Performance
	15.3 Techniques for Conducting Vibration Analysis on Rail Vehicles
		15.3.1 Traditional Approaches, Including Modal and Frequency Response Analysis
		15.3.2 Innovative Methods for Simulation: Multi-body Dynamics and Finite Element Analysis
		15.3.3 The Validation of the Model and the Integration of Experimental Data
		15.3.4 Prospects for the Near Future: Working Toward Comprehensive Simulation Platforms
	15.4 Strategies for Monitoring, Control, and Mitigation of Risks
		15.4.1 Sensing Technologies and Their Applications in Condition Monitoring
		15.4.2 Feedback and Control Strategies Employed in Real Time
		15.4.3 Techniques for the Control of Vibration: Active and Passive Solutions
		15.4.4 Case Studies of Different Implementations of Vibration Control
		15.4.5 Prospects for the Future: Integrated Systems and Environmental Sustainability
	15.5 The Obstacles We Face, the Way Forward
		15.5.1 The Complicated Dynamic Interactions and Processes of Rail Vehicles
		15.5.2 Considerations Regarding the Environment and Long-Term Sustainability
		15.5.3 New Developments in the Industry and Possible Directions for Future Research
	15.6 Conclusions
	References