Integrated Nano-Biomechanics

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INTEGRATED NANO-BIOMECHANICS
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
1
Introduction
2
Biomechanics of Microcirculation
	Behavior of Capsules in Flow
		Governing Equations and Numerical Method
		Capsules in an Unbounded Simple Shear Flow
		Lateral Migration of Capsules in Shear Flow
		Capsules in an Oscillatory Shear Flow
	Behavior of Red Blood Cells
		Mechanical Modeling of RBCs
		An RBC in Simple Shear Flow; Tumbling-Swinging Transition
		An RBC Flowing Thorough a Micropore
	Cell Adhesion in Microvessels
		Margination in Microvessels
		Cell Adhesion in Capillaries
		Malaria Infection
	Formation and Destruction of
the Primary Thrombus
		Physiology and Pathology of Primary Thrombus in Blood Flow
		Particle Method Simulation
		Simulation of Primary Thrombus Formation and Influence of Vessel Geometry
		Influence of Platelet Glycoprotein Receptors and SIPA
		Interaction Between Platelets and RBCs on the Primary Thrombus Formation and Mechanical Hemolysis
		Summary
	References
3
Biomechanics of the Digestive System
	Dynamics of Swallowing
		Videofluoroscopy and Wall Motion
		CFD Modeling of Swallowing
	Gastric Motility and Flow in the Stomach
		Antral Recirculation During Gastric Mixing
		Reynolds and Strouhal Numbers
		Terminal Antral Contraction
	Transport Phenomena of Gut Flora
		Gut Flora
		Momentum Transport in the Intestine
		Mass Transport in the Intestine
		Bacterial Transport in the Intestine
	References
4
Biomechanics for Pathology and Treatment
	Development of Cerebral Aneurysms
		Anatomically Realistic Artery Model
		Blood Flow Simulation
		Gradient Oscillatory Number (GON)
		Summary
	Electroporation for Cancer Treatment
		Electroporation
		Cell Death Under Electric Fields
		Cellular Signaling: Caspases Activation and Intracellular Calcium
		Inhibition of Apoptosis
		Effect on Cell Growth Under Mild Electric Field
	Microbubbles for Blood Oxygenation
		Introduction
		Properties and Theory of Microbubble
		Generation of Microbubbles
		Oxygen Gas-Solubility and the Effect of Solutes
		Oxygen Supersaturated Fluid
		Blood Oxygenation
		Summary
		References
	Percutaneous Absorption of Medicine
		Introduction
		Drug Administrations for Clinical Medicines
		Transdermal Drug Delivery (TDD)
		Enhancement of TDD
		References
5
Ciliary Motion
	Structure of a Cilium
		Cilia and Flagella
		Cilia on Airway, Brain, and Sperm Cells
		Motility of Cilia and Flagella
		Structure of Cilia and Flagella
		Structure of Respiratory Cilia
		Conclusion
		References
	Motor Proteins of Cilia
		Axonemal Dynein
		OAD
		Mechanism of Dynein Power Stroke
		Conclusion
		References
		Further Reading
	Computational Modeling of Ciliary Motion
		Microtubule Doublet and Motor Proteins
		Computational Model of the Ciliary Axoneme
		Mathematical Modeling of Ciliary Motions and Metachronal Waves
		References
6
Swimming Microorganisms
	Precession of a Bacterial Flagellum
		Introduction
		Problem Setting
		Full Numerical Simulation of Flagellar Precession
		Theoretical Description of Flagellar Precession
		Summary
		References
	Suspension of Swimming Cells
		Rheology
		Diffusion
		Mesoscale Structure
		Macroscale Structure
		References
	Gravitaxis and Collective Motion of Eukaryotic
Microswimmers in Low Reynolds Number Conditions
		Introduction
		Gravitaxis
			``Passive´´ Mechanisms
			``Active´´ Mechanisms
		Collective Motion: Bioconvection
			Driving Forces of Bioconvection
			Pattern Formation and Pattern Transition in Bioconvection of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
		Gyrotaxis and Other ``Bottom-Heavy-Related´´ Phenomena
		Concluding Remarks
		References
		Further Reading
7
Microfluidic Devices Based on Biomechanics
	Measurement of Blood Cell Motions
		Deformation of Blood Cells
		Deformability Measurements in Hyperbolic Contractions
		Deformability Measurements in Sudden Contractions
		Motion of Blood Cells Measured by a Confocal Micro-PTV
		Concluding Remarks
		References
		Further Reading
	Controlling Cell Free Layer
		Blood Flow Behavior in Straight Microchannels
			Fahraeus Effect and Fahraeus-Lindqvist Effect
			Particles and RBCs in Diluted Suspensions
			RBCs in Concentrated Suspensions
		Cell Free Layer Formation
		Controlling Cell Free Layer
			Channel Geometry
			Cell Deformability
			Fluid Medium
			Inertial Flow
		Enhancing Cell Free Layer by Bypass Channels in a Wall
			Fabrication of the Device
			Experiment Procedure
			Results and Discussion
		Conclusions and Future Directions
		References
	Separation of Motile Bacteria
		Swimming Bacteria Near a Wall
		Swimming of Bacteria in Shear Flow
		Microfluidic Device to Separate Motile Bacteria
		References
8
Biomimetics
	Design of Fish Fin
		Introduction
		Types of Fish Swimming
		Shapes of Fish Caudal Fin
		Thrust Generation by Oscillated Fish Fin
		References
		Further Reading
	Virtual Chameleon—The System to Provide the User the Ability
to Look Around as Chameleon Do
		Introduction
		Setup and Basic Theories of Virtual Chameleon
			Setup and Basic Theories
			How Does the User Watch the World With Use of Virtual Chameleon?
		Fundamental Experiment
			Condition Using Virtual Chameleon
			Control Condition
			Results and Discussions
		Conclusions
		References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
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