Indian Agriculture Under the Shadows of WTO and FTAs: Issues and Concerns

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Abbreviations
Part I WTO and Indian Agriculture
1 Indian Agriculture under WTO and FTAs: An Assessment
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Indian Agriculture under WTO
		1.2.1 Domestic Support
		1.2.2 Market Access
		1.2.3 Export Subsidies
		1.2.4 Food Security and other Non-Trade Concerns
	1.3 Indian Agriculture under FTAs
		1.3.1 General Characteristics of RTAs
		1.3.2 An Overview of India’s FTAs in the Context of Agriculture
		1.3.3 Trade Performance of Indian Agriculture in FTAs
	1.4 Conclusion
	References
2 Fisheries Negotiations at the WTO: Small Bait for Large Catch
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 International Agreements Related to the Fisheries Sector
	2.3 Overview of the State of Play of Fisheries Sector and Role of Subsidies
		2.3.1 Fisheries Subsidies in Developed Countries
	2.4 Implications of WTO Fisheries Negotiations: Unbalanced Outcomes
		2.4.1 Scope of the Disciplines on Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations
		2.4.2 Linking Fisheries Management and WTO Negotiations
		2.4.3 Special and Differential Treatment Provisions
		2.4.4 Cap-Based Approach: Replication of Agriculture Negotiations Imbalance
		2.4.5 Transparency and Notification Requirements
		2.4.6 Dispute Settlement Measures and Fisheries Subsidies Negotiation
	2.5 Conclusion
	Annex 2.1 List of Fisheries Access Agreement for the European Union with Coastal States
	Annex 2.2 Summary of WTO Fisheries Subsidies Negotiation Proposals
	References
3 Revisiting the Question of Price and Income Support to Agriculture
	3.1 The Impact of Subsidies on Agricultural Incomes
	3.2 A Perfectly Competitive Microeconomic Analysis of Price Versus Income Support
	3.3 A General Equilibrium Analysis of Price Versus Income Support
	3.4 A Macroeconomic Examination of Price Versus Income Support
	3.5 Empirical Trends in Price and Income
	3.6 Conclusion
	References
4 Transparency and WTO SPS Notifications: A Case Study of India
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Methodology
	4.3 Disaggregate Analysis of the SPS Notification
		4.3.1 Items 1 and 2: Member Notifying and Agency Responsible
		4.3.2 Item 3: Products Covered
		4.3.3 Item 4: Regions or Countries Likely to Be Affected
		4.3.4 Item 5: Title of SPS Regulation, Language, and Number of Pages of the Notified Document
		4.3.5 Item 6: Description of Content
		4.3.6 Item 7: Objective and Rationale
		4.3.7 Item 8: Existence of International Standard, Guidelines, or Recommendation
		4.3.8 Item 9: Other Relevant Documents and Language(s) in Which These Are Available
		4.3.9 Item 10: Proposed Date of Adoption and of Publication
		4.3.10 Item 11: Proposed Date of Entry into Force
		4.3.11 Item 12: Final Date for Comments and Agency or Authority Handling Comments
		4.3.12 Item 13: Texts Available from Relevant Authorities
	4.4 Trend in Quality and Completeness Indexes of India’s SPS Notifications
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
Part II FTAs and Indian Agriculture
5 India–UK FTA: Export Prospects for Indian Agriculture
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Impact of RTA Reforms on Agricultural Trade: Literature Survey
	5.3 India–UK Bilateral Trade Flows in Agricultural Products
	5.4 Methodology and Data
		5.4.1 Simulation Results
	5.5 Non-tariff Barrier Analysis
	5.6 Conclusion
	References
6 Non-tariff Measures and India’s Agricultural Exports: The Case of India-ASEAN Trade Agreement
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 AIFTA’s Tariff Reduction Schedules and Incidence of NTMs
	6.3 India’s Agricultural Trade with ASEAN
		6.3.1 Competitiveness of India’s Agricultural Products
	6.4 Conclusions and Way Forward
	References
7 India–EU FTA: Implications for India’s Marine Products
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Research Methodology
		7.2.1 Coverage
		7.2.2 Data Collection
		7.2.3 Data Analysis
	7.3 Literature Review
	7.4 India and EU Trade and Economic Linkages
	7.5 Analysis of India–EU Marine Products Trade
		7.5.1 India: Marine Products Trade
		7.5.2 EU Marine Products Trade
		7.5.3 EU–India Marine Trade Linkages
		7.5.4 India–EU Tariff on Marine Products Trade
	7.6 Interaction with Major Marine Products Exporting Companies of Kerala and Karnataka
	7.7 Conclusions
	References
Part III Indian Agriculture: Cross-Cutting Issues
8 Evaluating the Role of Subsidies in Sustainable Agriculture: A Case Study of India
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 The Sustainability Issue of Input Use
	8.3 Methodology and Data
	8.4 Empirical Results
	8.5 Conclusion
	References
9 The Role of Sustainability and Policy Measures in Export Performance
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Literature Review
	9.3 Data and Methodology
	9.4 Results and Discussions
	9.5 Concluding Remarks
	References
10 Dairy Industry in India Under Trade Liberalisation
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Structure and Trend in Milch Animal Population and Milk Production
		10.2.1 Trends in Milk Production
	10.3 Foreign Trade of Dairy Products
		10.3.1 Composition of World Trade of Dairy Products
		10.3.2 Tariff Structure and Unit Price of Dairy Products in India
	10.4 Conclusion
	References
11 Genetically Modified Crops and Indian Agriculture: Issues Relating to Governance and Regulation
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Highlighting the Governance and Regulation/Conceptual Framework
		11.2.1 High Importance of Regulatory Governance and Participation of Stakeholders
		11.2.2 Role of Regulation in Promoting Innovation
		11.2.3 Factors Restricting Innovation
	11.3 Governance and Regulation of GM Crops
		11.3.1 Agencies Involved in Regulation and Governance
		11.3.2 Legal Framework on GM Crops in India
	11.4 Discussion
	11.5 Recommendations and Conclusions
		11.5.1 Developing a System to Promote Innovations in Agriculture
		11.5.2 Capacity Building Through Existing Systems
		11.5.3 Investment in Alternate Technologies
	References