Immunology for Pharmacy Students

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 14
Immunology and Pharmaceutics......Page 15
Organs and Cells in the Immune System......Page 16
Innate Immunity......Page 18
Bactericidal Factors......Page 22
Complement Pathways......Page 23
Interferons......Page 24
The Major Histocompatibility Complexes......Page 26
References......Page 27
Case I......Page 28
Case 2......Page 29
Antibodies—The Center of the Humoral Immunity......Page 31
Antibody Fragments......Page 35
Antigens, Haptens, and Immunogens......Page 36
Antigen Processing and Antibody Formation......Page 38
Antibody Preparation......Page 40
Genetic Basis of Antibody Diversity......Page 42
Complement......Page 46
Case Study with Self-Assessment Questions......Page 49
Cells in the Circulation......Page 51
Antigen Presentation......Page 56
Role of Cytokines in Immune Response......Page 58
Self-Assessment Question......Page 63
4  Antibody as Drug and Drug Carrier......Page 64
Antibodies as Drugs to Neutralize and Eliminate Pathogenic or Toxic Molecules......Page 65
ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY (ADCC)......Page 66
Commercial Antibodies Used as Drugs for Prevention or Treatment of Human Diseases......Page 67
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES......Page 68
Therapeutic Drugs— Chemoimmunotherapy......Page 69
INTRACELLULAR ACTING ANTIBODY CONJUGATES......Page 70
EXTRACELLULAR ACTING ANTIBODY CONJUGATES......Page 71
Toxins—Immunotoxins......Page 72
Comparison of Different Agents in Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery......Page 75
References......Page 77
Case I......Page 78
Case 2......Page 79
Type I Hypersensitivity......Page 81
Drug Induced Mast Cell Degranulation......Page 83
THE PREFORMED MEDIATORS......Page 84
TYPES OF ALLERGY......Page 85
Control of Type I Hypersensitivity......Page 86
Type I Hypersensitivity in Drug Allergy......Page 87
Type II Hypersensitivity......Page 88
Type III Hypersensitivity......Page 89
Drug Allergy in Type III Hypersensitivity......Page 90
Management of Drug Allergy......Page 91
Case Study with Self-Assessment Questions......Page 93
Introduction to Immunodeficiency......Page 95
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia......Page 96
Cellular Immunodeficiency Syndromes......Page 97
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease......Page 98
Complement Dysfunction......Page 99
Virus-Mediated Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome......Page 100
How Does the HIV Infect CD4+ Cells?......Page 101
Immune Response to HIV Infection......Page 102
Clinical Sequelae of HIV Progression......Page 103
Clinical Treatment for HIV......Page 104
ANTIVIRAL THERAPY......Page 106
Immune Therapy......Page 109
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS......Page 111
TOXOPLASMA GONDII......Page 112
References......Page 113
Case 2......Page 115
Interleukin-2......Page 117
Interferons......Page 119
MULTIPLE MYELOMA......Page 120
Interferon-γ......Page 121
Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia......Page 122
GRANULOCYTE-COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR......Page 123
GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR......Page 124
GRANULOCYTE-COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR......Page 125
Pathogenesis of Septic Shock......Page 126
Immunotherapy for Septic Shock......Page 127
Thermal Injury......Page 128
Case Study with Self-Assessment Questions......Page 129
Introduction......Page 131
Acute Graft Rejection......Page 132
Graft Versus Host Disease......Page 133
Transplantation Immunology......Page 135
ABO Blood Types......Page 138
Laboratory Tests for Compatibility......Page 140
Corticosteroids......Page 141
METHOTREXATE......Page 144
CYCLOSPORINE......Page 145
Antibody Therapy......Page 146
Cytokine Inhibitor Therapy......Page 147
INTERLEUKIN-10......Page 148
Case Study with Self-Assessment Question......Page 149
Immune Response Primary Exposure......Page 151
Cellular Response During Secondary Antigenic Exposure......Page 152
Vaccines......Page 153
Types of Vaccines......Page 154
Attenuated Live—Vaccines......Page 155
KILLED VACCINES......Page 156
ANTI-IDIOTYPE VACCINES......Page 157
Vaccinia Technology......Page 159
HIV Vaccines......Page 160
Vaccine Adjuvant......Page 162
Self-Assessment Questions......Page 163
Antibody-Antigen Interaction......Page 165
Detection of Antibody-Antigen Interaction......Page 168
Principles of Immunoassays......Page 172
Examples of Immunoassays......Page 175
Commercial Immunodiagnostic Kits......Page 178
COATED DIP-STICK TYPE......Page 179
FLOW-THROUGH TYPE......Page 180
LATERAL FLOW TYPE......Page 181
Advantages and Limitations of Immunodiagnostic Kits......Page 182
Self-Assessment Questions......Page 184
Appendices—Immunological Agents as Therapeutic Drugs......Page 186
Index......Page 191