Hybrid Nanofluids: Heat and Mass Transfer Processes

Cover
Half Title
Emerging Materials and Technologies Series
Hybrid Nanofluids: Heat and Mass Transfer Processes
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Foreword
Author Biographies
1. Introduction to Hybrid Nanofluids
	1.1 Origin of Nanofluids
	1.2 Origin of Hybrid Nanofluids
	1.3 Preparation of Nanofluids
	1.4 Production of Hybrid Nanofluid
		1.4.1 Preparation Methodology
	1.5 Significant Factors Influencing the Characteristics of Hybrid Nanofluids
		1.5.1 Type of Nanoparticle
		1.5.2 Type of Nanoparticle Combination
		1.5.3 The Concentration of Nanofluid
		1.5.4 Type of Base Fluid
	1.6 Challenges in Developing and Implementing Hybrid Nanofluids
	1.7 Summary
	References
2. Stability of Hybrid Nanofluids
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Stability Enhancement Methodologies
		2.2.1 Mechanical Nanofluid Stabilization Techniques
		2.2.2 Chemical Nanofluid Stabilization Techniques
	2.3 Summary and Future Remarks
	References
3. Thermophysical, Optical, Electrical, and Magnetic Properties of Hybrid Nanofluids
	3.1 Thermophysical Properties
		3.1.1 Thermal Conductivity (k)
		3.1.2 Viscosity
	3.2 Optical Properties of Nanofluids
	3.3 Electrical Properties of Nanofluids
	3.4 Magnetic Properties of Nanofluids
		3.4.1 Preparation of Magnetic Nanofluids
		3.4.2 Characterization of Magnetic Nanofluids
		3.4.3 Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanofluids
	3.5 Summary
	References
4. The Effect of Nanoparticle Mixing Ratio on the Properties of Hybrid Nanofluids
	4.1 Type and Compatibility of Nanoparticles
	4.2 Optimum Mixing Ratio of the Nanoparticles
		4.2.1 Case Study 1: CuO-MWCNT/Water HNF for Optimum Mixing Ratio
		4.2.2 Case Study 2: Ternary HNF for Thermal Management Systems
	4.3 Effect of pH of the Solution on the Performance of HNF
	4.4 Optimum Concentration of Nanofluid
		4.4.1 Case Study 3: Utilization of MWCNT/Water and Ag-MgO/Water Nanofluids for Increasing the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Thermal System
	4.5 Selection of Appropriate Base Fluid
	4.6 Type and Concentration of Surfactant
	4.7 Summary
	References
5. Hydrothermal and Rheological Properties of Hybrid Nanofluids
	5.1 Hydrothermal Properties of Nanofluids
		5.1.1 Thermal Conductivity
	5.2 Rheological Properties of Nanofluids
		5.2.1 Effect of Viscosity of Nanofluid on the Pressure Drop and Pumping Power
		5.2.2 Effect of Nanofluid Type and its Concentration on the Pumping Power of the System
	5.3 Hydraulic Characteristics of Slurry (Colloidal Suspension)
	5.4 Summary
	References
6. Enhancement of Heat Transfer Using Hybrid Nanofluids
	6.1 Heat Exchangers
		6.1.1 Application of Nanofluids in Heat Exchangers
		6.1.2 Important Points to Remember
		6.1.3 Free Settling
		6.1.4 Hindered Settling
		6.1.5 Important Points
	6.2 Summary
	References
7. The Application of Hybrid Nanofluids in the Field of Wastewater Treatment
	7.1 Wastewater Treatment Methods
		7.1.1 Physical Treatment
		7.1.2 Chemical Treatment
		7.1.3 Biological Treatment
	7.2 Disinfection of Wastewater
		7.2.1 Limitations of Conventional Methods
	7.3 Exploring the Potential of Nanotechnology in Wastewater Treatment
	7.4 Types of Bacteria
	7.5 Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoparticles
	7.6 Disinfection Mechanism of Wastewater Using Nanofluids (Dispersion Form of Nanoparticles)
	7.7 Challenges
	7.8 Summary
	References
8. The Application of Hybrid Nanofluids in the Field of Membrane Technology
	8.1 Classification of Liquid Membranes
	8.2 Supported LM Extraction
	8.3 Emulsion LM Extraction
	8.4 Applications of ELM
	8.5 Advantages of ELM
	8.6 Limitations of ELM
	8.7 Introduction to ENM
		8.7.1 Procedure for the Preparation of ENM
		8.7.2 Extraction Mechanism of ENM
	8.8 Summary
	References
9. The Application of Hybrid Nanofluids in the Field of Petroleum Science and Technology
	9.1 Geological Exploration and Petroleum Accumulation
	9.2 Drilling Operations
		9.2.1 Composition of Drilling Fluids
		9.2.2 Main Function of Drilling Fluids
		9.2.3 Types of Drilling Fluids
		9.2.4 Limitations of Drilling Fluids
		9.2.5 Drawbacks
		9.2.6 Solution
	9.3 Nanofluid-Based Drilling Fluids
	9.4 Few More Applications of Nanofluids in the Field of Petroleum Science and Technology
	9.5 Challenges in Utilizing Nanofluids in the Field of Petroleum Science and Technology
	9.6 Summary
	References
10. Progress and Challenges for Hybrid Nanofluids’ Future Prospects
	10.1 Opportunities and Challenges in the Application of Nanofluids and Hybrid Nanofluids
		10.1.1 Opportunities
		10.1.2 Challenges
	10.2 Industrial Operation and Scale-Up Challenges for Nanofluid Applications
		10.2.1 Challenges with Nanofluid Production
		10.2.2 Problems Related to Stability
		10.2.3 Cost Analysis
		10.2.4 Safety and Environmental Considerations
		10.2.5 Enhancing Performance
	10.3 Life Cycle Analysis of Nanofluids
		10.3.1 Significance of Conducting LCA
		10.3.2 Procedure for Conducting LCA
		10.3.3 Case Study
	10.4 SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) of Nanofluids
		10.4.1 Strengths
		10.4.2 Weaknesses
		10.4.3 Opportunities
		10.4.4 Threats
	10.5 Future Perspectives of Hybrid Nanofluids
	10.6 Summary
	References
Index