Human Rights and Their Limits

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 21
1 A Short History of Human Rights......Page 23
The Origins......Page 24
Two Traditions of Rights......Page 27
The Second Generation of Rights......Page 28
First Proposals......Page 31
The Formulation......Page 36
A Compromise......Page 45
Individual and Human Rights......Page 48
International Human Rights......Page 51
The Restoration of Rights......Page 55
Rights and Duties in the Socialist and Catholic Concepts of Rights......Page 59
New challenges......Page 62
Human Rights and the “War on Terror”......Page 69
Responsibility to Protect......Page 73
Rights and Resources......Page 77
Human rights and humanitarianism......Page 82
Conclusions......Page 87
2 Rights and Democracy......Page 92
Democracy and human rights......Page 94
Constitutional democracy......Page 95
The Logic of Democracy and the Logic of Rights......Page 99
The Challenges of Democratic Constitution Making......Page 102
Illiberal and populist democracies......Page 103
Electronic Democracy......Page 105
Individual and group rights......Page 108
Exclusion......Page 112
Citizenship and Welfare......Page 115
Is democracy enough?......Page 119
Legal empowerment......Page 122
Conclusions: toward a new concept of democracy......Page 124
3 Rights and Needs......Page 127
Categories of human rights......Page 128
Social and economic rights as human rights......Page 134
Do Social Rights Differ from Civil and Political Rights?......Page 136
The legal status of social rights......Page 138
Social Rights in International Human Rights Law......Page 139
Constitutional Solutions......Page 143
Rights or needs......Page 148
What Are Social Rights About?......Page 150
Basic Needs......Page 152
The Conditionality of Social Rights......Page 155
Social rights in a limited state......Page 157
The Regulatory Function......Page 158
Setting Public Policy Goals......Page 159
The Enforcement of Public Policy Goals......Page 161
Conclusions......Page 163
4 Rights and Cultures......Page 166
Universal origins of human rights......Page 167
Challenges to universality......Page 169
Authoritarian Development......Page 170
Cultural Relativism......Page 172
The New Crusade of the West......Page 174
Arguments against cultural relativism......Page 176
Freedom and Development......Page 177
Arguments for universalism......Page 181
Modernization and Rights......Page 182
Evolutionary Arguments......Page 183
Imposition by the West......Page 185
A Change of Ideology......Page 188
A Change in Content......Page 190
The Individual and the Community......Page 192
Can a cross-cultural consensus on human rights be restored?......Page 195
Human Rights and the Philosophy of Human Rights......Page 197
Two Types of Violations......Page 201
Conclusions: “hard” and “soft” universalism......Page 204
5 Human Rights and Other Values......Page 209
Rights and dignity......Page 211
Rights between the Individual and the State......Page 215
Rights and Society......Page 217
Human rights in the private sphere......Page 219
The Horizontal Application of Rights......Page 220
Human Rights as Guiding Principles......Page 222
Between Morality and Law......Page 225
Beyond rights......Page 227
Claiming vs. Giving......Page 228
The Right Not to Claim Rights......Page 230
Rights and the pursuit of happiness......Page 233
Rights and ethics......Page 234
Conclusion......Page 236
Bibliography......Page 239
Index......Page 255