Handbook of the History of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy: Volume 1: From Plato to Rousseau

Preface
Contents
Abelard, Peter
	Introduction
	Consent
	Intention
	Conscience
	Ethics, Reason, and Law
	Conclusion
	References
		Primary Sources
			Secondary Sources
Al-Ghazali (Abu āmid al-Ghazālī)
	Introduction
	Al-Ghazālī´s Significance in Islamic Intellectual History and Beyond
	Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy in al-Ghazālī
	Law and Ethics in Society
	References
Alighieri, Dante
	Problem
		Life: Dante and the Legal Culture of his Times
		Dante as a Philosopher-Poet: The Convivio
		Dante´s Political Philosophy: The Monarchia
		Dante´s Legal and Political Ideals
		Dante´s Philosophy of Law
		A New Definition of Law
	Discussion
		A Systematic Mind
		The Judge of the Dead and the Quick
		Both Laws
	References
Al-Kindi (Abu Yusuf Yaʿqub b. Isāq al-Kindī)
	Introduction
	Al-Kindī´s Significance in Islamic Intellectual History and Beyond
	Social Philosophy and Philosophy of Law in al-Kindī
	References
Althusius, Johannes
	Law Exposed According to the Ramist Method
	The Thesis of a Sharing of Sovereignty to All the Members of the Republic
	References
Aquinas, Thomas
	Introduction
	The Common Good
	Ordinance of Reason
	The ``Natural Law´´
	Societal Structures
	Wrongs
	Conclusion
	References
Aristotle
	Introduction
	The Human Good and Human Nature
	Justice as a Virtue of Individuals
	Friendship and the Political Community
	Legislating for Virtue
	The Origins of Political Community
	Women and Slaves
	The City of Dreams
	Conclusion
	References
Augustine of Hippo
	Introduction: Biography and Intellectual Development
	Augustine´s Ethics
	The Eternal Law and the Natural Law
	The Positive Law
	Conclusion: The Reception of Augustine´s Social and Legal Philosophy
	The Contemporary Significance of Augustine
	References
Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā; Abu ʿAlī al-usayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā)
	Introduction
	Avicenna´s Significance in Islamic Intellectual History
	Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy in Avicenna
	References
Bartolus
	Problem
	Discussion
	References
Bodin, Jean
	Introduction
	Life
	Bodin´s Method
	The Concept of Sovereignty
	The Discussion About the ``Methodus´´ and Its Connection with the ``Republique´´
	The Sovereignty in the Republic
	The Author´s Influence in Europe
	Conclusion
	References
Bracton, Henry de
	Further Readings
Calvin, John (Jehan)
	Introduction
	Theological Presuppositions
	Political Consequences
	Social Consequences
	References
Campanella, Tommaso
	Introduction
	Society, Justice, and Law
	Law and Utopia
	References
Casas, Bartolomé de Las
	Introduction
	Legal Theory
	Unjust Wars and Forced Labor
	The Recognition of the ``Other´´
	Liberty, Power and Consensus
	Conclusion
	References
		Primary Literature
		Secondary Literature
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
	Introduction
	Marcus Tullius Cicero: The First Legal Philosopher in History
	Natural Law as Ratio Summa, Insita in Natura
	Cosmopolitanism and Natural Law: Toward an Omnium Gentium Consensus
	Notes on the Influence of Cicero´s Philosophy of Law in the History of Philosophy
	References
Confucius
	Introduction
	The Historical Background
	The Key Concepts of Confucius´s Philosophy
	Social-Political Aspects of Confucius´s Philosophy
	Confucius´s Works in English
	References
Cusa, Nicholas of
	Introduction
	Works of Legal Philosophical Relevance
	Ideas and Methods
	References
Duns Scotus, Ioannis
	Introduction
	Foundations of a Rational Will
	Nature of Law
	Conclusion
	References
Fortescue, John
	Introduction
	Natural Law´s Primacy
	A Positivist View of Law
	Ambiguities in Fortescue´s General Theory of Law
	References
Grotius, Hugo
	Introduction
	Grotius´s Modern Theory of Natural Law: ``Right Reason´´ as Instrumental Reason
	Grotius´s Theory of the State: Toward the ``Liberty of the Moderns´´ and the Liberal State
	Grotius´s International Theory: Whose Just War? Which International Law?
	References
Harrington, James
	Introduction
	Empire and Authority
	``Empire Follows the Balance of Property´´
	Rule ``of Laws and Not of Men´´
	``Flesh Must Be Changed or It Will Stink of Itself´´
	Conclusion
	References
Hobbes, Thomas
	Introduction
	Hobbes´s Life and Times
	Key Concepts of Hobbes´s Political Theory
	Key Concepts of Hobbes´s Legal Theory
	Interpretations: Focus, Approaches, and Trends
	Conclusion
	References
		Works by Thomas Hobbes
Hume, David
	Introduction
	Writings
	Methodology
	Theory of Law
	Legal Concepts
		Justice
		Property
		Promises and Contracts
		Social Contract and the Basis of Government
		Influence
	Conclusion
	References
Hutcheson, Francis
	Introduction
	Human Nature
	Virtue
	Moral Sense
	Natural Sociability
	Natural and Positive Law
	The Former Utilitarianism
	Conclusion
	References
John of Salisbury
	Introduction
	The Prince and the Law
	The Nature of the Law
	Typology and Law
	Moderation
	Conclusion
	References
Laozi
	Introduction
	History of the Daodejing
	Philosophy of the Daodejing
	Political Outlook of the Daodejing
	References
Locke, John
	Introduction
	Main Lines of Reception
	Basic Rights, Contract, and the Establishment of Political Power
	Property Rights, Welfare Politics, and Slavery
	Constitutional Principles, the Right to Resist, and Religious Tolerance
	Conclusion
	References
Luther, Martin
	Introduction
	Biography
	The Theology of Grace
	The Two Kingdoms
	The Uses of Law
	Freedom of Conscience
	References
Machiavelli, Niccolò
	Problem
	Discussion
	References
Marsilius of Padua
	The Context: Christianity as a Unitary Structure
	The Defensor Pacis
	The Communitas Perfecta
	Classification of Human Acts: Natural Law and Human Law
	On Marsilius of Padua´s Contribution
	References
Montaigne, Michel de
	Introduction
	The Humanist Ethics of Montaigne
	Law and Justice in Montaigne
	The Cultural and Philosophical Legacy of Montaigne
	Conclusion
	References
Montesquieu
	Introduction
	Forms of Government
	Moderation and Political Freedom
	Commerce and Religion
	Conclusion
	References
		Works by Montesquieu
		Selected Secondary Literature
More, Thomas
	Conclusion
	References
Ockham, William
	Introduction
	Ockham´s Natural Right Theory
	Voluntarism and Rationalism in Ockham´s Concept of Natural Law
	The Gospel´s Law as ``A Law of Freedom´´
	A Theory of Individual Rights
	References
Pascal, Blaise
	Introduction
	The Clash with the Jesuits
	The Pensées
	Politics and the Order of Appearance
	Conclusion
	References
Pico della Mirandola
	Introduction
	Adam´s Freedom
	Concept of Dignity
	Conclusion
	References
Plato
	Introduction
	Law and Justice
	Elements of Law
	Laws of the Person, Work, and Property
	Law, Punishment, and Intentionality
	A Transportation of Plato´s Philosophy of Law
	References
Polybius
	Introduction
	Statesman and Historian
		Political and Philosophical Learning through the Practice of History
		The Genesis of Society and the Political Pact
		A Tool to Understand and Amend: The Anacyclosis (Return of the Cycle almost to the Starting Point)
	References
Ptolemy of Lucca
	Introduction
	Political and Royal Lordship
	Levels of Rule
	Conclusion
	References
Pufendorf, Samuel
	Life and Main Works
	Acceptance and Criticism
	References
Quesnay, François
	Introduction
	Economic Thought
	The Tableau économique
	Legal Theory
	Natural Law and Legal Despotism
	Conclusion
	References
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: Law
	Introduction
	The Place of the Law in Rousseau´s Thought
	What Is Law?
	Law and Virtue
	The Limits of Rule of Law
	Conclusion
	References
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
	Introduction
	Life of Seneca
	His Writings
	Seneca the Philosopher
	The Quaestiones Naturales
	The Tragedies and Satire
	Seneca´s Reputation
	References
Shaftesbury (Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury)
	Introduction
	Life and Writings
	Philosophical Method
	Evil, Religion, and Morality
	Enthusiasm
	The Good Life
	Influence
	References
Spinoza, Baruch
	A Stellar Moment
	A Post-Cartesian Monist Ontology
	Jurisprudence Naturalized: A Determinist but Anti-Authoritarian Concept of Law
	References
Surez, Francisco
	Introduction
	Human Agency
	Law and Natural Law
	Origin and Legitimation of Political Power
	Theory of Rights and Private Property
	Theory of Just War and Tyrannicide
	Distributive Justice
	Conclusion
	References
Thomasius, Christian
	Introduction
	Main Aspects of Thomasius´s Work
	Discussion
	References
Ubaldis, Baldus de
	Problem
	Discussion
	References
Vico, Giambattista
	References
Voltaire
	References