Handbook of Suicide Prevention: Insights, Strategies and Approaches

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editor and Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Understanding the Anatomy of Suicide
Theoretical Underpinnings of Suicide: From Psychological Roots to Positive Remedies
	Sociological Perspective
	Biological Perspective
	Psychological Perspective
	Fluid Vulnerability Theory
	The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITP)
	Three-Step Theory of Suicide
	Integrated Motivational–Volitional (IMV) Model of Suicide Behavior
	Optimism
	Suicide Resilience
	Mindfulness
	Conclusion
	References
Evolutionary Perspectives on Suicide
	References
Suicide: Posttraumatic Growth-Based Perspectives
	Fundamentals of Posttraumatic Growth
	Overlapping Places—The Processes of Suicide and PTG
		Understanding Theories of Suicide
		Theoretical Areas of Overlap
	A PTG-Based Model of Suicide Prevention and Intervention
	A PTG-CRH-Oriented Clinical Framework
	A PTG-Oriented Research Framework
	Conclusion
	References
Neuropsychology and Suicide
	Brain and Suicide
	Neuropsychology and Suicide
	Cognitive Control in Suicide
	Neuropsychological Profile of Suicide Across Age and Gender
	Cognitive Profile of Attempters and Ideators
	Neuropsychological Assessment in Suicide
	Factors in Suicide
	Neuropsychological Therapeutic Approaches in Suicide
	Recommendations
	Conclusion
	References
Suicidal Behaviour: Sin, Crime or Distress?
	The Process of Criminalization
		Ancient European Culture
		Early Christian Antiquity
	Mediaeval Europe
	The Process of De-criminalization
		Early Modern Europe
	A Vile Legacy of Criminalizing and Punishing the Distressed
	Discussion
	The Impact of Criminalization and De-criminalization of Suicidal Behaviour
	Definitions
	Discussion
	References
Spotting the Riptide: Psychological Assessments for Suicidal Ideation
	Assessments for Suicidal Ideation
	Conclusion
	References
Antecedent Causes and Origins of International and Domestic Suicide Terrorism
	What is Suicide Terrorism?
	Domestic Terrorism in the United States
	Suicide Terrorist Demographics
	Age
	Sexual and Gender Identity
	Marital and Family Status
	Education and Socioeconomic Status
	Theories Seeking to Help Explain Suicide Terrorism
	Suicide Terrorists and Psychopathology
	Suicide Terrorist Personality Trait Correlates and Common Factors
	Media Considerations
	Concluding Remarks
	References
Much More Than Mental Illness: New Evidence in Suicide Vulnerability
	Evidence to the Contrary
	Person Factors
	Situational and Cultural Factors
	Non-mental Illness Models of Suicide
	Protective Factors and Prevention Efforts
	Mental Illness and Suicide
	Conclusions
	References
ISIS Leadership Versus Leadership in the Harry Potter Series: A Comparison Based on Symbolic Learning Theory
	Suicide Terrorism as Ritual
	Symbolic Learning Theory: A Description
	ISIS’s Al-Baghdadi and Harry Potter’s Lord Voldemort
		The Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham (ISIS)
		Lord Voldemort and the Death Eaters in Harry Potter
		Similar Biographies
	Comparing Al-Baghdadi with Lord Voldemort Based on Symbolic Learning Theory
		Suicide Terrorism as Symbolic Rehearsal
		“Blood Purification” as Perfection
		Purity as a Fascist Goal
	Discussion
	References
Understanding Suicide Through Intersectional Lens
Suicides in Adolescents—An  Evolutionary Approach Based on Epigenetic Thinking
	Objective Evaluations—Are Suicides in Children and Adolescents Rising?
	Main Models Explaining Suicides at a Young Age
	Stress Vulnerability as an Epigenetic-Based Endophenotype for Suicide
		Modern Psycho-Social Stress and Its Relevance for Adolescents
	The Bio-behavioral-Existential Model that Explains Recent Suicide Growth in Adolescents Based on the Evolutionary Approach and Epigenetic Thinking
	Instead of Conclusion: Some Ideas for Prevention
	References
Adolescent Suicidal Behaviours and Child Sexual Abuse: Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Treatment Recommendations
	Introduction
		Types of Suicidal Behaviour
		Prevalence, Onset, and Course of Suicidal Behaviours
		Demographic Patterns
		Risk Factors and Treatment Considerations
	Child Sexual Abuse
		Difficulty Defining and Measuring CSA
		Prevalence Rates
		Characteristics of CSA
	The Relationship Between Adolescent Suicidal Behaviours and CSA
		Pathways from CSA to Adolescent Suicidal Behaviours
		The Function of Suicidal Behaviours
	Risk and Protective Factors
		Risk Factors
		Protective Factors
	Treatment Recommendations
		Managing Suicide Risk
		Trauma-Informed Care
		Trauma-Focused Treatment
	Conclusion
	References
Lived Experiences of Individuals with Suicidal Behaviour
	Suicide Behaviour
	Psychopathology and Suicide Behaviour
	Other Causes of Suicide
	Gender Differences and Suicidal Behaviour
	Cultural Factors in Suicidal Behaviour
	The Lived Experiences of Suicide
	Significance of Exploring Lived Experiences of Persons with Suicidal Behaviour
	References
Active-Duty Service Members and Suicidality: Resilience and Prevention
	Suicide Rates
		General Rates of Suicide in the United States
	Risk Factors for Suicide
		Mental Health
		Substance Use
		Interpersonal Relationships
		Administration and Legal
		Military Status and Experience
		Traumatic Brain Injury
		Other Risk Factors
	Suicide Prevention Factors
		Unit Cohesion and Leadership
		Peer and Social Support
	Resilience
		Factors of Resilience
	Treatment Recommendations
		Psychotherapy Interventions
		Pharmacotherapy Interventions
		Community-Based Interventions
	Conclusion
	References
Suicidality in Emergency Professionals: A Systematic Review
	Introduction
	Methods
		Procedure
	Results
		Characteristics of the Studies
		Protective Factors
	Discussion
		Individual Protective Factors
		Contextual Protective Factors
		Limitations and Directions for Future Studies
		Implications
	Conclusion
	References
Suicidal Behaviour Among Prisoners
	Case Vignette-1
	Case Vignette-2
	Case Vignette-3
	Case Vignette-4
	Case Vignette-5
	Review of Literature
	References
Suicide in the Older Adults: A Comparative Review of Indian and International Perspectives
	Indian Perspective
	International Perspective
	Comparative Analysis Between Indian and International Perspectives on Suicide in Older Adults
	Prevalence and Patterns
	Sociocultural and Environmental Factors
	Clinical and Psychological Factors
	Prevention and Intervention Strategies
	Recommendations and Future Directions
	References
Suicide Risk in Dementia
	Connection Between Dementia and Suicidal Behavior
	Identifying Risk Factors
	Legal and Ethical Dilemmas Regarding Guardianship and Autonomy
	Role of Caregiver
	Preventing Suicide in Dementia (Treatment and Intervention)
	Conclusion
	References
The Lethal Mix: Substance Abuse and Suicidal Behaviour
	Learning Objectives
	Substance Abuse and Its Prevalence
		Definitions and Classifications of Substance Abuse
	Trends and Prevalence of Substance Abuse
	The Characteristics of Drug Users
	Understanding the Suicidal Behaviour Spectrum
		Definitions and Classifications of Suicidal Behaviour
	Suicidal Ideation
	Suicide Attempts
	Completed Suicide
	Risk Factors for Suicidal Behaviour
	Mental Health Disorders
	History of Trauma
	Substance Abuse
	Social Isolation and Stigma
	Possession of Lethal Weapons
	The Intersection of Substance Abuse and Suicidal Behaviour
		Overview of the Relationship
	Substances Commonly Associated with Suicidal Behaviour
	Suicidal Behaviour and Substance Abuse Mechanisms
	Evidence from Epidemiology
		Studies and Data on the Co-occurrence
	Prevalence of Co-occurring Substance Abuse and Suicidal Behaviour
	Patterns and Trends
	Biological and Neurological Mechanisms
		Neurobiological Factors
	Neurotransmitter Dysregulation
	Impulsivity and Decision-Making
	Genetic and Epigenetic Influences
	Genetic Predisposition
	Epigenetic Modifications
	The Role of Stress and Trauma
	Stress Response Systems
	Childhood Adversity
	Psychological Factors
		Role of Mental Health Disorders
	Comorbidity with Mood Disorders
	Coping Mechanisms and Emotional Regulation
	Coping with Stigma and Isolation
	Stigma and Discrimination
	Social Isolation
	Treatment and Intervention Strategies
		Integrated Care Approach
	Screening and Assessment
	Dual Diagnosis Treatment
	Suicide Prevention
	Safety Planning
	Psychotherapeutic Interventions
	Recovery-Oriented Support
		Peer Support
	Holistic Approaches
	Addressing Stigma and Barriers to Care
		Public Awareness
	Improved Access to Care
	Prevention and Public Health Strategies
		Primary Prevention
	Education and Awareness
	Access to Mental Health Services
	Secondary Prevention
	Screening and Identification
	Crisis Intervention
	Tertiary Prevention
	Treatment and Support
	Community Support
	Policy and Legislation
	Substance Regulation
	Suicide Prevention Legislation
	Research and Evaluation
	Conclusion and Future Directions
		Summary
	Future Directions
	Personalized Interventions
	Telehealth and Technology
	Comprehensive Legislation
	Global Collaborations
	Final Remarks
	References
Epigenetics of Suicide: Where Are We Now?
	Epigenetics of the HPA Axis in SB
	Epigenetics of the Neurotrophic System in Suicidal Behaviors
	Epigenetic of the Polyamines System in Suicidal Behaviors
	Others Epigenetics Marks Associated with Suicidal Behaviors
	Perspectives
	References
Emerging Approaches and Novel Interventions
First Line of Defense: Gatekeeper Training in Suicide Prevention
	Who is a Gatekeeper?
		The Story of Don Ritchie
	Gatekeeper Training Models and Efficacy
		Question Persuade Refer (QPR)
		Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST)
		Other Programs
		Mediators Affecting the Outcome of Gatekeepers Training
	Conclusion and Future Direction
	References
School-Based Suicide Prevention for Pre-adolescent Children
	Children’s Suicide Risk Factors
	School-Based Suicide Risk Assessment
	School-Based Suicide Risk Prevention
	School-Based Suicide Risk Interventions
	Discussion
	References
The Impact of Post-discharge Support on Suicidality
	A Deeper Look into Involuntary Hospitalization
	Differences Between Types of Hospitalization
	Factors that Contribute to Post-discharge Suicide
	Imagining a New Future for Suicide Prevention
	Cultural Implications
	The Medical Model and Culture: Does It Work?
	Post-Discharge Suicidality and Adolescents
	Post-discharge Suicidality across Different Ethnicities
	Post-discharge Suicidality and Culture: Conclusion
	Discharge
	Methods of Prevention
	Programs for Harm Reduction
	Conclusion
	References
Predicting and Preventing Suicide: A Critical Review
	Predicting and Preventing Suicide
	Can Suicide Be Predicted or Prevented?
	High-Risk Strategies
	Population-Based Interventions
	Conclusions
	References
Self-Compassion: The Key to Suicide Prevention in Young People
	Introduction
	Young People and Suicide
	Suicide Thoughts and Behaviour
		Suicide and the Demographics
	Suicide and Self-Compassion
		What Self-Compassion is ‘Not’
	Theoretical Perspectives on Self-Compassion
	Self-Compassion and Mental Well-Being
		Self-Compassion in Psychotherapeutic Intervention
	Conclusion
	References
Reel Therapy: Taking the Cinematic Route to Suicide Intervention
	Theoretical Foundations of Reel Therapy
	Theoretical Models
	Reel Therapy and Suicide Prevention
	Conclusion
	References
Uncovering the Potential of Neuromodulation in Suicidal Behaviour
	Case Vignette
	Suicide and Mental Health
		Risk Factors for Suicide
	History of Neuro-Modulation
	Suicidal Behaviour: Where to Localise the Problem in Brain
	Treatment Available for Suicide
	Electroconvulsive Therapy and Its Role in Suicidality
	TDCS and Its Role in Suicidality
	RTMS and Suicidality
	DBS and Suicidality
	Indian Scenario
	The Future of Research and Suicide Prevention
		Suicide as a Specialized Mental Illness
		Suicidal Behaviour and Neuromodulation
	Conclusion
	References
Suicide Prevention and Management Among Indian Farmer: A Systematic Review
	Meaning of Farmer and Agriculture
	Terminology and Definitions in Suicide
	Suicide in India
	Farmer Suicide in India
	Cause of Farmer Suicide
	Psychological Cause
	Suicide Prevention
	Conclusion
	References
Positive Suicidology: Promoting Well-Being and Addressing Suicide
	Risk Factors in Suicide
	Psychological Theories of Positive Psychology and Suicidology
	Protective Factors Associated with Prevention of Suicide
	Implementation of Positive Psychology Interventions in Prevention of Suicide
	Positive Suicidology in the Indian Culture
	References