Growing South African indigenous orchids

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 6
Copyright Page......Page 7
Dedication......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 12
Table of Contents......Page 14
List of Plates......Page 18
List of Figures and Tables......Page 22
 1.1 General......Page 26
 1.2 The power of observation......Page 27
  1.4.1 Rainfall and water requirements......Page 29
  1.4.3 Humidity......Page 30
  1.4.4 The interaction of water, humidity, temperature and air movement......Page 31
 1.5 Habitat......Page 32
  1.5.1 Habitat classification......Page 33
 1.6 Studying the plant growth habit......Page 38
 1.7 Climate in South Africa......Page 40
  1.8.1 Shadehouse......Page 46
  1.8.2 Utilising additional space around the home......Page 48
  1.8.3 Greenhouse......Page 49
  1.8.5 Garden culture......Page 51
  1.9.1 The pH of water......Page 52
  1.9.2 Conductivity and total salt content of water......Page 54
 1.10 Fertilisers......Page 55
  1.10.1 Fertiliser application......Page 56
  1.11.2 Red spider mite......Page 57
  1.11.3 Mealy bug......Page 58
  1.11.7 Gall midge fly......Page 59
  1.11.9 Bacterial diseases......Page 60
  1.11.10 Fungal diseases......Page 62
  1.11.12 Virus diseases......Page 63
  2.1.1 A growth habit correlating closely to that of sympodial epiphytes......Page 64
  2.1.2 Species with several fleshy tuberoids......Page 65
  2.1.3 Plants with single tuberoids......Page 66
 2.2 Symbiosis and the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in orchids......Page 69
 2.3 Pots......Page 71
 2.4 Potting mix constituents......Page 73
 2.6 Potting collected plants......Page 76
 2.8 Care of dormant plants......Page 80
 2.9 Detailed cultivation notes for terrestrial species......Page 81
  2.9.1 Bonatea......Page 82
  2.9.2 Disa......Page 86
  2.9.3 Eulophia......Page 103
  2.9.4 Habenaria......Page 117
  2.9.5 Herschelianthe......Page 121
  2.9.6 Satyrium......Page 125
  2.9.7 Stenoglottis......Page 134
  2.9.8 Other taxa......Page 140
  3.1.1 Sympodial growth......Page 146
 3.2 Watering and feeding epiphytes......Page 147
 3.4 Epiphyte mounts and potting mixes......Page 148
 3.5 Mounting and potting epiphytes......Page 151
  3.6.1 Sympodial epiphytes according to preferred temperature range in cultivation......Page 152
  3.6.2 Monopodial epiphytes according to preferred temperature ranges in cultivation......Page 161
 4.1 Aims of hybridising......Page 182
  4.2.2 Flower structure......Page 183
  4.2.4 Pollinating various genera......Page 185
  4.3.1 Selfing......Page 196
  4.3.3 Interspecific hybrids......Page 197
  4.3.4 Intergeneric hybrids......Page 198
  4.3.6 Diploids, triploids and tetraploids......Page 199
 4.5 Storage of pollinia......Page 202
 4.7 Collecting green capsules for the green capsule sowing method......Page 203
 4.8 Dehiscence of the ripe capsule......Page 206
 4.9 Storage of seed......Page 207
 5.2 Germination and development of an orchid seedling......Page 208
  5.2.2 Symbiotic germination......Page 210
 5.3 Sowing seed around the mother plant......Page 211
  5.4.1 Material and equipment required for sowing seed......Page 212
  5.4.2 Using a sowing box for sowing seed, reflasking and micropropagation......Page 218
  5.4.3 Using a laminar flow cabinet for sowing seed, reflasking and micropropagation......Page 220
  5.4.4 Sterilisation of flasks and other equipment......Page 221
  5.4.5 Sterilising orchid seed......Page 224
  5.4.6 Sowing the seed......Page 226
  5.4.7 Sowing seed using the green capsule sowing method......Page 229
  5.5.2 Isolating fungi from orchid tissue......Page 232
  5.5.4 Institutions specialising in the storage and culture of fungi......Page 234
  5.6.1 Introduction......Page 235
  5.6.3 Obtaining an explant for micropropagation......Page 236
  5.6.4 Culture media......Page 237
  5.7.1 Labelling and recording of information......Page 238
  5.7.3 The light cabinet......Page 239
  5.7.4 Temperature......Page 240
  5.7.5 Reflasking......Page 241
 5.8 Deflasking mature seedlings......Page 244
 5.9 Care of seedlings......Page 249
Appendix 1: Nature Conservation Legislation Regarding Indigenous Orchids......Page 254
Appendix 2: Construction of a Seed Sowing Box and of a Laminar Flow Cabinet......Page 260
Appendix 3: Registered Hybrids......Page 270
Appendix 4: Sowing and Micropropagation Media Formulations, and List of Media Used for Indigenous Orchids......Page 274
Appendix 5: Sources of Plants......Page 284
Appendix 6: Classification of Indigenous Orchids......Page 286
Appendix 7: South African Orchid Council and Affiliated Orchid Societies......Page 288
Glossary......Page 290
References......Page 292
Index......Page 296