Greek and Roman Chronology: Calendars and Years in Classical Antiquity

Preface
CHAPTER I. THE ASTRONOMICAL BACKGROUND
	1. The Sun-Earth-Moon System
		The Celestial Sphere
		- Years
		- Months
		- The Synodic Month
	2. The Construction of Calendars
		Lunar Calendars
		- Solar Calendars
	3. Natural Units of Time
		The Day
		- The Month
		- The Year
		- The Week
CHAPTER II. GREEK ASTRONOMICAL CALENDARS
	1. Early Astronomical Theory
		Sixth Century Astronomy
		- The Fifth Century
		- Pythagorean Numbers
	2. The Theory of Homocentric Spheres
		Eudoxus
		- Callippus
	3. Astronomical Calendar Cycles
		Early Cycles
		- The Octaeteris
		- The Nineteen Year Cycle and the Callippic Cycle
		- Later Cycles
	4. Astronomical Denomination of Years
	5. Astronomical and Civil Calendars
CHAPTER III. GREEK CIVIL CALENDARS
	1. Athens
		Calendars and Months Used
		- Intercalation of Months
		- The Counting of Days of the Month
		- The Prytany Calendar
		- The Count of Days in Prytanies
		-The Beginning of the Year
	2. Evidence for the Mycenaean Calendar
	3. Boeotia
	Hesiod
	- Names and Order of the Months
	- Kata Theon Dates
	- The Count of Days
	4. Phocis
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	5. Eastern Locris
	6. Doris
	7. Delphi
		Dating Systems
		- Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	8. Ozolian Locris
		Names and Order of the Months in the Federal Calendar
		- Amphissa, Physkos, Chaleion, Oianthea, Tritea, Tolophon
		- The Count of Days
	9. Aetolia
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	10. Acarnania
	11. Ambracia
	12. Epirus
	13. Corcyra
	14. Epidamnus
	15. Corcyra Melaina (Issa)
	16. Apollonia on the Aous
	17. Lamia
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	18. Halos
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	19. Meliteia
	20. Pyrasos
	21. Angeai
	22. Miscellaneous Calendars of Phthiotis
		Hypata
		- Herakleia
		- Phalika
		- Oitaia
		- Phthiotic Thebes
		- Thauma-koi
		- Near the Village of Kophi
	23. Thessaly
		Names and Order of the Months
		- Perrhaebia
		- Magnesia and Pagasae
		The Count of Days
	24. Skotussa
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	25. Apollonia in Chalcidice
	26. Cassandreia (Potidaea)
	27. Byzantium
	28. Perinthus
	29. Callaris
	30. Chersonesus Taurica
	31. Megara
	32. Corinth
	33. Sicyon
	34. Argos
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	35. Epidauros
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	36. Miscellaneous Calendars of the Argolid
		Calauria
		- Mycenae
		- Hermione
		- Aegina
		- Troezen
	37. Laconia
		Names and Order of the Months
		- Intercalation
		- The Count of Days
	38. Arcadia
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	39. Messenia
	40. Elis
		The Beginning of the Year
		- Names and Order of the Months
	41. Achaea
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	42. Euboea
		Chalcis
		- Eretria
		- Histiaea
		- Carystus
	43. Peparethos
	44. Delos
		Names and Order of the Months
		- Intercalation
		- The Count of Days
		- Termination of the Independent Delian Calendar
	45. Tenos
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	46. Ceos
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	47. Miscellaneous Cycladic Calendars
		Paros - Oliaros
		- Mykonos
		- Naxos
		- los
		- Andros
		- Siphnos
	48. Amorgos
		The Count of Days
	49. The Doric Sporades
		Thera
		- Astypalaea
	50. Rhodes
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	51. Nisyros
	52. Syme
	53. Telos
	54. Cnidos
	55. Cos and Calymna
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	56. Halikarnassos
	57. lasos
	58. Miletus
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
		- The Colonies of Miletus
	59. Priene
		The Count of Days
	60. Herakleia Under Latmos
	61. Amyzon
	62. Thebes at Mykale
	63. Samos
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	64. Magnesia on The Maeander
		The Count of Days
	65. Ephesus
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	66. Notion
	67. Teos
	68. Chios
	69. Erythrae
	70. Phocaea
	71. Temnos
	72. Cyme
	73. Pergamum
	The Count of Days
	74. Lesbos
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	75. The Northern Aegean
		Thasos
		- Samothrace
		- Imbros
	76. Calchedon
	77. Zelea (Phrygia)
	78. Lampsakos
	79. Ilion
	80. Skepsis (Troad)
	81. Gambreion (Mysia)
	82. Sardis
		The Count of Days
	83. Laodikeia epi Lyko
	84. Stratonikeia (Caria)
	85. Antiocheia in Pisidia
	86. Termessos
	87. Antiocheia in Persis
	88. Crete
		Names and Order of the Months
		- The Count of Days
	89. Tauromenium
	90. Syracuse
	91. Acragas
	92. Gela
	93. Rhegium
	94. Neapolis
	95. Heraclea
	96. Locri
CHAPTER IV. CALENDARS OF THE HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS
	1. The Seleucid Calendar
		Macedonian and Babylonian Months
		— The Count of Days
		- Territory of the Seleucid Calendar
	2. The Macedonian Calendar in Egypt
		Native Egyptian Calendars
		- Cyclical Regulation of the Macedonian Calendar in Egypt
		- Abandonment of the Independent Macedonian Calendar
		- The Count of Days
		- Territory of the Egyptian-Macedonian Calendar
CHAPTER V. THE ROMAN CALENDAR
	1. Introduction
		The Fasti
		- Month Names and Day Designations
	2. The Julian Calendar
		The Augustan Reform
	3. The Calendar of the Republic
		Names and Lengths of the Months
		- Length of the Year
		- Method of Intercalation
		- Occasions of Intercalation
		- The Beginning of the Year
		- Inception of the Calendar
	4. The Ten Month Year
CHAPTER VI. CALENDARS OF THE EASTERN ROMAN PROVINCES
	1. The Hemerologia
		Calendars with Months Coincident with Julian Months
		- Calendars with New Year’s Day on September 23
		- Calendars Without a 28 Day Month and without Epagomenal Days
		- Calendars with 30 Day Months and 5 Epagomenal Days
	2. Eastern Calendars not Reported by the Hemerologia
		The Macedonian Calendar at Palmyra
		- The Macedonian Calendar at Gerasa
		- The Calendar of the Province of Asia
		- Cyprus
		- The Julian Calendar in the East
CHAPTER VII. GREEK CHRONOGRAPHY
	1. Olympiad Reckoning
		The Olympic Victor list
		- The Year and the Time of the Festival
	2. The Athenian Archon List
		The Early Period: To 480 B.C.
		- The Fifth and Fourth Centuries
		- After the End of Diodoros Text
		- The Roman Period
	3. Spartan Ephors
	4. Generational Reckoning
	5. Eras
		Seleucid
		- Types of Eras
CHAPTER VIII. ROMAN CHRONOGRAPHY
	1. The Varronian System
	2. The Epoch of 01. 6, 4
	3. Other Epochs
	4. The Consular Fasti
INDICES
	A Note on the Indices
	1. Index of Subjects
	2. Index of Months
	3. Index of Sources