Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Disaster Management

Content: A Survey of GIS for Disaster Management Chapter Objectives  Introduction  GIS and Geographical Context GIS and Situation Awareness  The Problem: Continued Need for GIS in Disaster Management  Scale, Scope, and Intensity of Disasters Case Study: Burkina Faso-Disasters in the Developing World The Need for Improved Coordination, Sharing, and Interoperability  Problems of GIS Awareness in Disaster Management  The Opportunity: Increased Awareness and Advocacy of GIS and Mapping  Crisis Mapping  Interview with Dr. Jen Ziemke, Cofounder and Codirector of the International Network of Crisis Mappers  Spatial Thinking and Disaster Management Chapter Summary  Discussion Questions References  Fundamentals of Geographic Information and Maps Chapter Objectives  Introduction Data vs. Information Scale  Three Ways of Representing Map Scale  Large- vs. Small-Scale Maps  Why Scale Matters: Detail and Accuracy  Map Projections  Coordinate Systems Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System State Plane Coordinate (SPC) System Datums Reference Ellipsoids  Control Points  The Importance of Datums  Coordinate Systems: The Whole Picture Basic Principles of Cartography Mapping Principles  Data Measurement Visual Variables  Figure and Ground Relationships  Map Types: Reference and Thematic  Reference Maps  Thematic Maps Summary Designing Usable Maps in a GIS Context  Common Examples of Poorly Made Maps Created with a GIS Interview with Dr. Anthony C. Robinson  Chapter Summary  Discussion Questions Resources  Principles of Mapping  Geodesy (including datums and reference ellipsoids)  History of Cartography  Basics of Statistical Data Classification for Maps Designing Good Maps in a GIS Context Map Color  References  Geographic Information Systems  Chapter Objectives  Introduction What Is GIS?  Organizing the World Geographically: Map Layers  What Can You Do (and Not Do) with GIS Software?  Data and Spatial Asset Management  Analysis  GIS Programming  Modeling  Cartography, Visualization, and Map Production  Geocoding  Limitations of GIS Understanding GIS Data Models Vector Models  Raster  GIS Metadata  Specific GIS Technology  GIS Technology Platforms and Disaster Management  ArcGIS Google Maps and Other Google Geospatial Technology QGIS  Other Commercial, Free, and Open-Source or Openly Available GIS Technologies  OpenStreetMap  Other GIS Technologies  Free and Open-Source Datasets Relevant to Disaster Management  How to Choose the Right GIS Technology for Disaster Management  Getting Started with GIS Technology and GIS Technology Configuration Ideas  Chapter Summary Discussion Questions  Resources  References   Disaster Management and Geographic Information Systems Chapter Objectives Introduction  Disaster Management Cycle  Terms: Emergency, Disaster, Crisis, and Catastrophe  Disaster Management Cycle  Role of GIS within Disaster Management Policy and Practice  Policy in the United States: The National Incident Management System (NIMS)  Incident Command System (ICS)  United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Geospatial Concept of Operations (GeoCONO PS)  United States National Spatial Data Infrastructure  Local Government: Cities, Towns, and Counties  County GIS: Interview with Mr. Scott McCarty  State  National  FEMA  GIS and Other US Federal Agencies  Non-US Federal-Level Disaster Management: Interview with Dr. Michael Judex Private Sector  Private Sector Perspective: Interview with Alan Leidner  International Disaster Management Community and GIS  Nongovernmental Organizations MapAction  Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT ) Crisis Mappers  GISCorps International Disaster Management Support Mechanisms  International Charter on Space and Major Disasters  Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS)  World Bank GFDRR United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: ReliefWeb  UN-SPIDER  UN-SPIDER Perspectives: Interview with Antje Hecheltjen  GIS, Disaster Management, and the United Nations: Interview with Dr. Jorg Szarzynski  Chapter Summary  Discussion Questions and Activities  Resources  References   Geographic Information Systems and Disaster Planning and Preparedness  Chapter Objectives  Introduction  Technology and Dataset Planning and Preparation  Essential Disaster Management Map Layers  Additional Sources of Ideas for Essential Disaster Management Map Layers  Department of Homeland Security Geospatial Data Model Technology Planning and Preparation  Organizational Perspectives  Using GIS to Support Planning and Preparation Activities  Spatial Perspectives on Broader Planning and Preparation Activities  Common GIS Tasks for Disaster Planning and Preparation Activities  Evacuation Route Planning Evacuation Zone Planning  Scenario Modeling to Answer What-If Questions  Public Outreach and Citizen Participation  GIS and Disaster Management Planning: A United Nations Perspective  Interview with Lorant Czaran  Summary  Discussion Questions and Activities  Resources References   Geographic Information Systems and Disaster Response  Chapter Objectives  Introduction Disaster Response Policy in the United States Geographical Aspects of Situation Awareness  Maps and Emergency Operation Centers  GIS and Disaster Warnings  Spatial Data Deluge  Hot Spot Mapping  Density Mapping  Real-Time GIS Disaster Response GIS Products Online Disaster Response Geographic Data Streams  GIS and Damage Assessment  Field Data Collection and Mobile GIS Public and Disaster Response Mapping: Crisis Mapping and Citizen Reporting  Chapter Summary  Discussion Questions and Activities Resources References  Geographic Information Systems and Disaster Recovery  Chapter Objectives  Introduction  Geographical Aspects of Disaster Recovery  Using GIS to Support Disaster Recovery Tasks  Geocollaboration  Restoring Critical Infrastructure Debris Cleanup Recovery Planning  Transition from Recovery to Mitigation Interview with David Alexander: US Federal Government Geospatial Technology Leader and Expert  Chapter Summary  Discussion Questions and Activities Resources  References  Geographic Information Systems and Disaster Mitigation  Chapter Objectives  Introduction  Vulnerability Resilience  Disaster Mitigation Policy and International Perspectives on GIS The United States National Mitigation Framework International Perspectives on Disaster Mitigation: UNISDR  GIS Techniques for Disaster Mitigation Spatial Indexing and Modeling of Risk and Vulnerability  Social Variables  Physical Variables  Using GIS to Develop Spatial Indexes of Vulnerability and Risk  Chapter Summary  Discussion Questions and Activities Resources  References  Special Topics  Chapter Objectives Introduction Special Topics Visual Analytics  Big Data and Disaster Management Serious Games for GIS and Disaster Management Geographic Information Science and Disaster Management  The Future of GIS for Disaster Management Interviews Jen Zimeke, PhD, Crisis Mappers (Chapter 1, Specialty: Crisis Mapping)  Anthony Robinson, PhD, Penn State (Chapter 2, Specialty: Cartography)  Alan Leidner, Booz Allen Hamilton (Chapter 4, Specialty: XXX)  Antje Hecheltjen, UN-SPIDER (Chapter 4, Specialty: XXX)  Michael Judex, PhD, German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (Chapter 4, Specialty: XXX)  Scott McCarty, Monroe County GIS (Chapter 4, Specialty: XXX)  Lorant Czaran, United Nations Cartographic Section and Office for Outer Space Affairs (Chapter 5, Specialty: XXX)  David Alexander, US Federal Government (Chapter 7, Specialty: XXX)  Research Agenda Developing a GIS for Disaster Management Career Interviews  Alan Leidner (Chapter 4)  Antje Hecheltjen (Chapter 4)  Michael Judex, PhD (Chapter 4)  Scott McCarty (Chapter 4)  Jorg Szarzynski, PhD (Chapter 4)  Lorant Czaran (Chapter 5)  David Alexander (Chapter 7)  GIS for Disaster Management Career Summary Points  Staying Current in the GIS for Disaster Management Field  Organizations  Conferences  Journals and Magazines Training and Education  Volunteer Opportunities  Chapter Summary  Discussion Questions and Activities  Resources  References