Genetics and Genomics of High-Altitude Crops

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
Abbreviations
1: On the Road to a Sustainable and Climate-Smart Future: Recent Advancements in Genetics and Genomics of Pulse Crops in the Hills
	1.1	 Introduction
	1.2	 Plant Genetic Resources Management
	1.3	 Biofortification in Hilly Pulses to Enhance Nutrition
	1.4	 Genomic Resources and Their Importance
		1.4.1	 Molecular Markers and Genotyping Assays in Pulses
		1.4.2	 Molecular Genetic Maps
		1.4.3	 Pulse Crop Improvement Through Genomic Breeding
			1.4.3.1	 French Bean/Snap Bean/Common Bean
				1.4.3.1.1 Biotic Stresses
				1.4.3.1.2 Abiotic Stresses
			1.4.3.2	 Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan Linn)
				1.4.3.2.1 Biotic Stresses
				1.4.3.2.2 Abiotic Stresses
			1.4.3.3	 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
				1.4.3.3.1 Biotic Stresses
				1.4.3.3.2 Abiotic Stresses
			1.4.3.4	 Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata Thunb.)
				1.4.3.4.1 Biotic Stresses
				1.4.3.4.2 Abiotic Stresses
			1.4.3.5	 Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
				1.4.3.5.1 Biotic Stresses
				1.4.3.5.2 Abiotic Stresses
			1.4.3.6	 Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
				1.4.3.6.1 Biotic Stresses
				1.4.3.6.2 Abiotic Stresses
	References
2: Genetics and Genomics of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.)
	2.1	 Introduction
	2.2	 History, Origin, and Taxonomy of Kodo Millet
	2.3	 Habit and Habitat
	2.4	 Genetics and Genetic Diversity
	2.5	 Kodo Millet as Functional Food and Nutraceuticals
	2.6	 Antinutritional Factors
	2.7	 Kodo Poisoning
	2.8	 Advanced Omics Approaches for Trait Improvement
		2.8.1	 Genomics
		2.8.2	 Transcriptomics
		2.8.3	 Proteomics
		2.8.4	 Metabolomics
		2.8.5	 Phenomics
	2.9	 Improved Kodo Millet Varieties
	2.10	 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
3: Genetic and Molecular Advancements in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
	3.1	 Introduction
	3.2	 Origin of Crocus sativus
	3.3	 Distribution
	3.4	 Life Cycle of Saffron
	3.5	 Allo or Autotriploid Nature of Crocus sativus
	3.6	 Karyotype Analysis
	3.7	 Biosynthesis of Apocarotenoids
	3.8	 Gene Expression Analysis
	3.9	 Therapeutic Significance
	3.10	 Genetic Resources: Ex Situ Germplasm Collection
	3.11	 Closest Relative of Crocus sativus Based on Molecular Markers
	3.12	 Genetic Improvement in Saffron Crop
	3.13	 Epigenetics and Saffron
	3.14	 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
4: Insight into the Genetics and Genomics Studies of the Fritillaria Species
	4.1	 Introduction
	4.2	 Genetics
	4.3	 Genomics Studies
	4.4	 Conclusion
	References
5: Genetic and Genomic Resources of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch
	5.1	 Introduction
	5.2	 Genetic Improvement via Breeding Techniques.
		5.2.1	 Genetic Resources
		5.2.2	 Association Among the Traits
		5.2.3	 Heritability of the Important Traits
	5.3	 Genomic Resources
		5.3.1	 Molecular Marker-Based Genotyping
		5.3.2	 Other Biotechnological Tools
	5.4	 Conclusions
	References
6: Genetic and Breeding Advancement in Buckwheat: A Pseudocereal of Himalaya
	6.1	 Introduction
	6.2	 Origin, Evolution, and Cultivation
	6.3	 Genetic Diversity and Germplasm Resources
	6.4	 Germplasm Conservation Repository
	6.5	 Genetic Linkage Mapping of Buckwheat
	6.6	 QTL Based on Linkage Map
	6.7	 Whole Genome Sequencing
	6.8	 Epigenetics and Epigenomics in Buckwheat
	6.9	 Breeding in Buckwheat
	6.10	 Conclusion
	References
7: Advancing Food Security with Genetic Resources of Amaranthus, Buckwheat, and Chenopodium
	7.1	 Introduction
	7.2	 Amaranthus
		7.2.1	 Genetic Resources and Its Utilization
		7.2.2	 Genomic Resources
			7.2.2.1	 Omics-Driven Approaches for Nutraceutical Development
			7.2.2.2	 Genetic Transformation and Genome Editing
			7.2.2.3	 Transcriptomics
			7.2.2.4	 Proteomics and Metabolomics
	7.3	 Buckwheat
		7.3.1	 Genetic Resources
			7.3.1.1	 Status of Buckwheat Conserved in Gene Banks
			7.3.1.2	 Buckwheat Cultivars and Promising Accessions for Various Traits
		7.3.2	 Genomic Resources of Buckwheat
	7.4	 Chenopodium
		7.4.1	 Quinoa Germplasm Evaluation and Characterization
		7.4.2	 Genomic Resources
	References
8: Genetic Resources and Breeding Approaches for Improvement of Ferula assa-foetida (Heeng)
	8.1	 Introduction
	8.2	 Genetic Resources
	8.3	 Breeding Techniques
	8.4	 Tissue Culture Techniques
	8.5	 Genomic Resources
	8.6	 Genetic Diversity for Phytochemical Markers
	8.7	 Conclusion
	References
9: Future Prospects: High-Altitude Crop Improvement via Genomics
	9.1	 Introduction
	9.2	 Genomic Resources Available for High-Altitude Crops
	9.3	 Genomic Approaches for Improvement of High-Altitude Crops
		9.3.1	 Genomics Approaches for Yield Improvement: Current Status and Future Prospects
			9.3.1.1	 Genetic Dissection of Yield and Related Traits Using QTL Mapping, Meta-QTL Analysis, and GWAS
			9.3.1.2	 Transgenesis and Genome Editing for Yield Improvement: Current Status and Future Directions
		9.3.2	 Genomics Approaches for Improving Climate-Resilience and Stress Tolerance: Current Status and Future Directions
			9.3.2.1	 Genetic Dissection of Traits Contributing to Stress Tolerance
			9.3.2.2	 Genomic Selection for Climate Resilience and Stress Tolerance
			9.3.2.3	 Genome Editing for Climate Resilience and Stress Tolerance
		9.3.3	 Genomic Approaches for Nutritional Value Improvement: Current Status and Future Directions
			9.3.3.1	 Genetic Dissection of Biofortification-Related Traits in High-Altitude Crops
			9.3.3.2	 Transgenesis and Genome Editing for Nutritional Value Improvement
	9.4	 Challenges and Future Directions
	9.5	 Conclusions
	References