Fundamentals of building performance simulation

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 8
Copyright Page......Page 9
Table of Contents......Page 14
Foreword......Page 22
Preface......Page 26
Nomenclature......Page 32
Part I: Prelude......Page 40
 Chapter 1: Introduction to BPS......Page 42
  1.1: What is BPS?......Page 43
  1.2: How Does It Work?......Page 45
  1.3: What is It Used for?......Page 47
  1.5: A Brief History of BPS......Page 48
  1.6: Is BPS Valid?......Page 54
  1.7: Required Reading......Page 56
  1.8: Sources for Further Learning......Page 57
  1.9: Simulation Exercises......Page 58
  1.10 Closing Remarks......Page 68
Part II: Building Interior......Page 70
 Chapter 2: Energy and mass transfers within buildings......Page 72
  2.1: Significant Processes......Page 73
  2.2: The Thermal Zone......Page 74
  2.4: Zone Mass Balance on Dry Air......Page 78
  2.5: Zone Mass Balance on Water Vapour......Page 80
  2.6: Zone Energy Balance......Page 81
  2.7: Energy Balance at Internal Surfaces......Page 85
  2.8: Solving the Energy and Mass Balances......Page 87
  2.10: Sources for Further Learning......Page 89
  2.11: Simulation Exercises......Page 90
  2.12: Closing Remarks......Page 94
 Chapter 3: Solar energy absorption by internal surfaces......Page 96
  3.2: Solar Radiation Basics......Page 97
  3.3: Modelling Approach......Page 101
  3.4: Distribution of Solar Beam Irradiance......Page 103
  3.6: Required Reading......Page 107
  3.7: Sources for Further Learning......Page 108
  3.8: Simulation Exercises......Page 109
  3.9: Closing Remarks......Page 110
 Chapter 4: Convective heat transfer at internal surfaces......Page 112
  4.2: Convection Heat Transfer Basics......Page 113
  4.3: Convective Regimes Within Buildings......Page 115
  4.4: Convection Correlations for Buildings......Page 116
  4.5: Common Approaches for Determining Convection Coefficients......Page 117
  4.6: Required Reading......Page 118
  4.8: Simulation Exercises......Page 119
  4.9: Closing Remarks......Page 121
 Chapter 5: Longwave radiation exchange between internal surfaces......Page 122
  5.2: Emission of Longwave Radiation......Page 123
  5.3: Radiative Properties......Page 126
  5.4: View Factors......Page 129
  5.5: Enclosure Theory......Page 130
  5.6: Calculating Exchange between Surfaces......Page 132
  5.7: Determining View Factors......Page 136
  5.8: Linearization and Simplifications......Page 138
  5.10: Sources for Further Learning......Page 140
  5.11: Simulation Exercises......Page 141
  5.12: Closing Remarks......Page 142
 Chapter 6: Internal heat and moisture sources......Page 144
  6.2: Sources of Heat and Moisture in Buildings......Page 145
  6.3: Magnitude of Gains......Page 146
  6.4: Temporal Variation of Gains......Page 148
  6.5: Occupant Behaviour......Page 149
  6.6: Required Reading......Page 151
  6.8: Simulation Exercises......Page 152
  6.9: Closing Remarks......Page 154
 Chapter 7: Internal airflow......Page 156
  7.2: Options for Treating Transfer Air......Page 157
  7.3: Ventilation Models......Page 158
  7.4: Required Reading......Page 159
  7.6: Simulation Exercises......Page 160
  7.7: Closing Remarks......Page 161
Part III: Exterior Environment......Page 164
 Chapter 8: Energy balances at external surfaces & weather......Page 166
  8.1: Energy Balance at External Surfaces......Page 167
  8.3: Weather Files and Their Limitations......Page 169
  8.4: Which Weather File?......Page 174
  8.5: Sources of Weather Files......Page 176
  8.6: Required Reading......Page 177
  8.8: Simulation Exercises......Page 178
  8.9: Closing Remarks......Page 181
 Chapter 9: Solar energy absorption by external surfaces......Page 184
  9.1: Modelling Approach......Page 185
  9.2: Beam and Diffuse Irradiance to the Horizontal......Page 186
  9.3: Beam Irradiance to a Building Surface......Page 189
  9.4: Diffuse Irradiance to a Building Surface......Page 191
  9.5: Ground-Reflected Irradiance to a Building Surface......Page 195
  9.6: Shading......Page 197
  9.7: Required Reading......Page 198
  9.8: Sources for Further Learning......Page 199
  9.9: Simulation Exercises......Page 200
  9.10: Closing Remarks......Page 202
 Chapter 10: Convection heat transfer at external surfaces......Page 204
  10.2: Convection Correlations......Page 205
  10.3: Local Wind Speed and User Options......Page 207
  10.4: Required Reading......Page 208
  10.5: Sources for Further Learning......Page 209
  10.6: Simulation Exercises......Page 210
  10.7: Closing Remarks......Page 211
 Chapter 11: Longwave radiation exchange at external surfaces......Page 214
  11.1: Modelling Approach......Page 215
  11.2: Calculating Longwave Exchange......Page 216
  11.3: Effective Temperatures and View Factors......Page 217
  11.4: Sky Temperature......Page 219
  11.5: Required Reading......Page 221
  11.7: Simulation Exercises......Page 223
  11.8: Closing Remarks......Page 225
 Chapter 12: Heat transfer to the ground......Page 228
  12.1: Modelling Ground Heat Transfer......Page 229
  12.2: Detailed Numerical Methods......Page 230
  12.3: Aadding Soil to Below-Grade Envelope Constructions......Page 233
  12.4: Regression and analytical approaches......Page 234
  12.5: Simplified Approximations......Page 236
  12.6: Required Reading......Page 237
  12.7: Sources for Further Learning......Page 238
  12.8: Simulation Exercises......Page 239
  12.9: Closing Remarks......Page 240
Part IV: Building Envelope......Page 242
 Chapter 13: Heat transfer in opaque assemblies......Page 244
  13.1: Heat Transfer Processes......Page 245
  13.2: Modelling Approach......Page 246
  13.3: Numerical Methods......Page 248
  13.4: Response Function Methods......Page 254
  13.5: Transfer Function Methods......Page 262
  13.6: Lumped Parameter Methods......Page 267
  13.7: Multidimensional Effects......Page 268
  13.8: Required Reading......Page 270
  13.10: Simulation Exercises......Page 272
  13.11: Closing Remarks......Page 276
 Chapter 14: Heat transfer in transparent assemblies......Page 278
  14.1: Heat Transfer Processes......Page 279
  14.2: Modelling Approach......Page 280
  14.3: Solar Transmission and Absorption......Page 282
  14.4: Conduction and Storage by Glazing......Page 289
  14.5: Heat Transfer between Glazings......Page 290
  14.6: Spacers and Frames......Page 291
  14.7: Required Reading......Page 292
  14.9: Simulation Exercises......Page 293
  14.10: Closing Remarks......Page 295
 Chapter 15: Air infiltration and natural ventilation......Page 298
  15.1: Airflows through the Building Envelope......Page 299
  15.2: Modelling Options......Page 300
  15.3: Single-Zone Models......Page 301
  15.4: Network Airflow Models......Page 306
  15.5: Required Reading......Page 313
  15.7: Simulation Exercises......Page 314
  15.8: Closing Remarks......Page 317
Part V: HVAC......Page 318
 Chapter 16: HVAC distribution systems......Page 320
  16.1: HVAC System Configuration and Control......Page 321
  16.2: Modelling Approaches......Page 325
  16.3: Idealized Methods......Page 327
  16.4: Air-Mixing Duct Models......Page 328
  16.5: Heating and Cooling Coil Models......Page 329
  16.6: Variable-Speed Fan Models......Page 332
  16.7: Hydronic Radiator Models......Page 333
  16.8: Required Reading......Page 339
  16.10: Simulation Exercises......Page 340
  16.11: Closing Remarks......Page 343
 Chapter 17: Energy conversion and storage systems......Page 344
  17.2: Combustion Boiler Models......Page 345
  17.3: Heat Pump Models......Page 349
  17.4: Solar Thermal Collector Models......Page 351
  17.5: Thermal Energy Storage Models......Page 353
  17.7: Sources for Further Learning......Page 357
  17.8: Simulation Exercises......Page 358
  17.9: Closing Remarks......Page 359
Part VI: Finale......Page 362
 Chapter 18: Culminating trial......Page 364
  18.1: Overview......Page 365
  18.3: Objectives of Analyses......Page 366
  18.5: Building Envelope......Page 367
  18.6: HVAC......Page 368
  18.7: Internal Heat and Moisture Sources......Page 371
  18.8: Simulation Exercises......Page 372
  18.9: Closing Remarks......Page 380
 Chapter 19: Next steps......Page 382
References......Page 384
Index......Page 402