From Speech Acts to Lay Understandings of Politeness: Multilingual and Multicultural Perspectives

Cover
Half-title
Title page
Copyright information
Contents
Figures
Tables
Contributors
Im/politeness between the Analyst and Participant Perspectives: An Overview of the Field
	1 Im/politeness Research
	2 Volume Contents
		2.1 Speech Acts
		2.2 Lay Concepts
	References
Part I Concepts and Cultural Norms Underlying Speech Acts
	1 Offers in Greek Revisited
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Background
			2.1 Offers and Politeness
			2.2 Offers in Greek
		3 Method
		4 Results
			4.1 Initial Offer Strategies
			4.2 External Modification
			4.3 Insistence
		5 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	2 Politeness, Praising, and Identity Construction in a Greek Food Blog
		1 Introduction
		2 Identity Construction in RFGF
			2.1 Identities Related to the Theme and Rules of the Blog
			2.2 Claiming Membership in a Group of Friends
		3 The Data: Comments on Recipes from/for a Group of Friends
		4 Results: Positive Politeness and the Construction of Friend/In-Group Member Identity
			4.1 Praising as a Positive Politeness Strategy
			4.2 Praising and the Expression of Exaggerated Interest
			4.3 \'Well Done!\' and \'Congratulations!\' as Realisations of Praising
			4.4 Conveying Co-operation through Praising
			4.5 Constructing Friend/In-Group Membership through Praising and Claiming Common Ground
		5 Conclusion
		References
		Appendix
	3 Online Compliments of Iranian Facebook Users
		1 Introduction
		2 Review of the Literature
			2.1 Compliments
			2.2 Studies on Complimenting Behavior in Persian
			2.3 Social Network Sites as a New Phenomenon in Communication
			2.4 Complimenting Behavior on Facebook
		3 Methodological Issues and Data
		4 Results
			4.1 Verbal and Non-Verbal Compliments
			4.2 Explicit Verbal Compliments
			4.3 Syntactic Structures
			4.4 Implicit Compliments
			4.5 Internal and External Modifiers
		5 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	4 Qué perfección : Complimenting Behaviour among Ecuadorian Teenage Girls on Instagram
		1 Introduction
		2 Compliments and Studies on Complimenting Behaviour in Social Media
			2.1 Defining Compliments
			2.2 Studies on Compliments in Social Media
		3 Methodology
		4 Results
			4.1 Comments, Including Compliments, in Relation to \'Likes\'
			4.2 Compliment Realizations and Formats Identified
			4.3 Complimenting Strategies
				4.3.1 Verbal Forms
					Conventional Compliments
					Non-Conventional Compliments
				4.3.2 Non-Verbal or Pictorial Forms
				4.3.3 Hybrid Forms
			4.4 Intensification through Internal Modification and the Use of Supportive Moves
				Internal Modification
				Supportive Moves
		5 Summary and Conclusions
		References
	5 Not All Positive: On the Landscape of Thanking Items in Cypriot Greek
		1 Introduction
		2 Experiment 1
			2.1 Materials
			2.2 Subjects
			2.3 Procedure
			2.4 Measurements
			2.5 Results
			2.6 Discussion
		3 Experiment 2
			3.1 Design
			3.2 Materials
			3.3 Subjects
			3.4 Procedure
			3.5 Measurements
			3.6 Results
				Off-Putting
				Arrogant
				Friendly
				Formal
				Curt
				Phony
				Polite
			3.7 Discussion
		4 Limitations
		5 Concluding Remarks
		Acknowledgments
		References
		Appendix
	6 Researching Im/politeness in Face-to-Face Interactions: On Disagreements in Polish Homes
		1 Introduction
		2 Background
		3 Disagreements
		4 Methodology
			4.1 Data
		5 Findings
			5.1 Bogusia and Henio (6:43-6:51)
			5.2 Kasia and Przemek (7:11-7:45)
			5.3 Ala and Piotr (5:00-5:40)
		6 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
Part II Concepts and Cultural Norms Underlying Politeness
	7 Notions of Politeness in Britain and North America
		1 Introduction
		2 The Scholarly Background
		3 A Note on Metalanguage: A Way into Concepts of Politeness
		4 British English and North American Politeness Compared
			4.1 Explorations in the Oxford English Corpus (OEC)
				4.1.1 Data and Method
				4.1.2 Results
				4.1.3 Discussion
			4.2 Explorations in Geolocated Twitter Data
				4.2.1 Data and Method
				4.2.2 Findings
				4.2.3 Some Qualitative Analysis
		5 Conclusions
		References
	8 The Metapragmatics of Consideration in (Australian and New Zealand) English
		1 Introduction
		2 The Metalinguistics of Consideration in English
		3 Locally Situated Understandings of Consideration
			3.1 Talking about Consideration
			3.2 Invoking (In)consideration
		4 Evaluations of (In)consideration among Australian and New Zealand Speakers of English
			4.1 Data and Method
			4.2 Findings
		5 Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
		References
	9 A Metapragmatic Aspect of Politeness: With a Special Emphasis on Attentiveness in Japanese
		1 Introduction
		2 Attentiveness
		3 Consideration, Empathy, Altruism and Helping Behavior
		4 Method
		5 Results and Discussion
			5.1 First Part of the Questionnaire
			5.2 Second Part of the Questionnaire
			5.3 Focus Group
		6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
		Acknowledgments
		References
		Appendix 1: A Visual Analog Scale
		Appendix 2: Transcription Conventions Used in This Chapter
	10 Discussions on Swiss and German Politeness in Online Sources
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Positioning: (Im)politeness Ideologies
		3 The Linguistic Situation of German in Germany and Switzerland
		4 Data and Methodology
		5 Results and Discussion
			5.1 Coding Categories
			5.2 The Distribution of Coding among Groups
			5.3 Emic Discussions on Linguistic (Im)politeness (Groups 2 and 3)
				5.3.1 Characterizations of Swiss and German Linguistic Behavior
				5.3.2 The Culturalization of Swiss and German Linguistic Behavior
				5.3.3 Integration and Language Choice
		6 Conclusions
		References
		Appendix 1: Data Sources
		Appendix 2: Code Book
	11 Globalisation and Politeness: A Chinese Perspective
		1 Introduction
		2 Methods: Data and Procedure
		3 Results and Discussion
			3.1 The Chinese History of the \'Internationalisation (Guojihua) of Politeness\'
			3.2 Chinese Perceptions of the \'Guojihua Internationalisation of Politeness\'
				3.2.1 Guojihua \'Internationalisation\' as a Criterion for the Development of Manners
				3.2.2 Internationalisation as a Reason behind the Development of Etiquette, in Particular in the Business Sector
			3.3 Western Perceptions of the \'Globalisation of Politeness\'
		4 Conclusion
		References
	12 Emic Conceptualizations of Face (Imagen) in Peninsular Spanish
		1 Introduction
		2 Background
		3 Methodology
		4 Results and Discussion
			4.1 The Dictionary Study
			4.2 The Corpus-Based Study
			4.3 The Focus Group Study
		5 Conclusions
		References
Epilogue: Personal Encounters with Politeness Research
Index