Fighting for Our Place in the Sun: Malcolm X and the Radicalization of the Black Student Movement 1960–1973

Cover
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations Used in the Text
Abbreviations Used in Notes
	College and University Archives, Special Collections, Campus Periodicals, Community Periodicals, and Research Venues
Introduction
	Notes
Chapter 1: Malcolm X and/as Social Pedagogy. A Critical Historical Analysis
	A Malcolm X Philosophy of Education: A Critically Interpretive Historical Methodology
	Minister Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam (NOI): Organizational Growth and Educational Structure
	Malcolm X: Scholar and Educational Philosophy
	Malcolm X’s Educational Philosophy: The Importance of History
	Malcolm X’s Philosophy of Education: Personal Appeal
	Malcolm X: An Expansive Educational Philosophy
	Malcolm X: Education as a “Call to Work”: Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU)
	Malcolm X and the Black Student Movement
	Notes
Chapter 2: Sowing the Wind to Reap a Whirlwind. Ideological Shifts and Radical Expressions in the Black Student Movement, 1963–1966
	1964 ASM Conference on Black Nationalism
	A Chance Meeting in Africa: Malcolm X and SNCC
	The Black Student Movement and the Death of a Prophet
	Solidifying a Change of Direction: The Black Student Movement, SNCC, and Black Power
	Notes
Chapter 3: Purges, Proscriptions, and New Directions. Black Student Protests and a Call for a Black University, 1966–1969
	Black Student Protest and a Call for Black Studies
	The Black Student Movement and Duke University
	Duke University and Black Student Protest: The Allen Building Takeover
	Leadership Dynamism: Introduction of Howard Fuller
	Black Power in North Carolina: Establishing MXLU, SOBU, and the FCD Grant Controversy
	Notes
Chapter 4: Uhuru Na Kazi (Freedom and Hard Work)!. The Historical Developments of Malcolm X Liberation University, 1969–1972
	MXLU Planning Stages and Episcopalian Grant Controversy
	MXLU: Opening Day Ceremonies
	MXLU Operations, 1969–1970
	MXLU Operations, 1970–1971
	Pre-Text to an MXLU Ideological Shift: Owusu Sadaukai (Howard Fuller) Inside Mozambique
	MXLU Operations, 1971–1972
	MXLU Operations, 1971–1972: Palmer Memorial Institute Controversy
	MXLU Operations, 1971–1972 Continued: In Preparation for ALD
	Notes
Chapter 5: Malcolm X Liberation University. Planning, Curriculum, Projects, and Institutional Objectives
	Background: Historical Antecedents of Malcolm X Liberation University
	The Structure of Malcolm X Liberation University
	The Theoretical and Ideological Basis of Malcolm X Liberation University
	MXLU’s Community Education and Teacher Training Programs
	The Curriculum and Related Projects of Malcolm X Liberation University
	Part A
		History
		The Development of Black Political Thought
		African Languages and MXLU’s Floating Swahili Program
		Cultural Expression
		Speech
		Analysis of the Colonized Mind
		Physical Development
	Part B
		Biomedics
		Communications Technology
		MLXU Engineering Department and Electrical Engineering110
		Mechanical Engineering
		Construction Engineering
		Agriculture
	SOBU’s Pan-African Work Program and the Pan-African Skills Project (PASP)
	Notes
Chapter 6: Working for African Liberation with the Student Organization for Black Unity. Historical Developments, Programs, and Activity, 1969–1971
	On the Road to Establishment: SOBU’s Interim Development Period
	SOBU Operations, Programs, and Organizational Activity, 1970–1972
		SOBU’s Organizational and Structural Development, 1970–1972
	SOBU Training and Ideological Development, 1970–1972
		SOBU Community Programs 1970–1972
		SOBU Campus Programs, 1970–1972
		SOBU Pan-African Affairs, 1970–1972
		SOBU Informational Services, 1970–1972
	Notes
Chapter 7: A Movement of the People … African People. African Liberation Day, the Decline of MXLU, and Left Pan-Africanism of YOBU, 1972–1973
	Preparing for African Liberation Day (ALD) 1972: SOBU and MXLU Activities
	African Liberation Day 1972: “WE ARE AN AFRICAN PEOPLE!!!”
	Riding the ALD Wave of Momentum: MXLU, SOBU, and the Founding of the African Liberation Support Committee (ALSC)
	Establishing the African Liberation Support Committee (ALSC)
	MXLU, YOBU, and ALSC Operations and Activity: University Decline and Ideological Shifts, 1972–1973
	SOBU Becomes YOBU
	MXLU and YOBU Activity, 1972–1973: Institutional Completion and New Directions
	Reporting to the Motherland: ALD’s Response in Nigeria and Tanzania
	Phasing Down Operations: MXLU’s Decline
	The Struggle Continues: YOBU and the Save Black Schools Campaign
	Expansion of a Mass Movement: African Liberation Day, 1973
	The Closing of MXLU: Lessons Learned and New Directions
	Notes
Epilogue
	Synthesis and Conclusions: Examining Ideological and Historical Threads
	Notes
Illustrations
Index