Exploration of Halley’s Comet

Front Matter....Pages I-XXIII
New information on comet P/Halley as depicted by Giotto di Bondone and other Western artists....Pages 1-11
Encounters with comets: discoveries and puzzles in cometary plasma physics....Pages 12-20
The pick-up of cometary protons by the solar wind....Pages 21-24
Alfvénic turbulence in the solar wind flow during the approach to comet P/Halley....Pages 25-32
General features of comet P/Halley: solar wind interaction from plasma measurements....Pages 33-38
The Sakigake/Suisei encounter with comet P/Halley....Pages 39-46
Waves in the magnetic field and solar wind flow outside the bow shock at comet P/Halley....Pages 47-54
Solar wind flow through the comet P/Halley bow shock....Pages 55-60
Macroscopic perturbations of the IMF by P/Halley as seen by the Giotto magnetometer....Pages 61-64
Low-frequency magnetic field fluctuations in comet P/Halley’s magnetosheath: Giotto observations....Pages 65-68
Fine structure of the magnetic field in comet P/Halley’s coma....Pages 69-72
Giotto magnetic-field results on the boundaries of the pile-up region and the magnetic cavity....Pages 73-79
Identification of boundaries in the cometary environment from ac electric field measurements....Pages 80-82
Dust observations of comet P/Halley by the plasma-wave analyser....Pages 83-88
Comparative study of the low-frequency waves near comet P/Halley during the Vega-1 and Vega-2 flybys....Pages 89-93
Plasma flow in the cometosheath of P/Halley during the encounter of Suisei....Pages 94-96
MHD waves detected by ICE at distances ≥ 28 10 6 km from comet P/Halley: Cometary or solar wind origin?....Pages 97-102
Plasma-tail activity at the time of the Vega encounters....Pages 103-108
Observations of cometary plasma-wave phenomena....Pages 109-116
Hydromagnetic waves associated with cometary water group ions: Sakigake observation....Pages 117-120
Plasma properties from the upstream region to the cometopause of comet P/Halley: Vega observations....Pages 121-124
Observations of heavy energetic ions far upstream from comet P/Halley....Pages 125-128
Spatial distribution of water-group ions near comet P/Halley observed by Suisei....Pages 129-131
An Interpretation of the Ion Pile-up Region Outside the Ionospheric Contact Surface....Pages 132-136
Description of the main boundaries seen by the Giotto electron experiment inside comet P/Halley-solar wind interaction region....Pages 137-140
In-situ observations of a bi-modal ion distribution in the outer coma of comet P/Halley....Pages 141-148
The composition and radial dependence of cometary ions in the coma of comet P/Halley....Pages 149-152
Pick-up ions at comet P/Halley’s bow shock: observations with the IIS spectrometer on Giotto....Pages 153-159
Ion temperature and flow profiles in comet P/Halley’s close environment....Pages 160-162
The composition and dynamics of cometary ions in the outer coma of comet P/Halley....Pages 163-168
Expansion velocity and temperatures of gas and ions measured in the coma of comet P/Halley....Pages 169-173
Giotto-IMS observations of ion-flow velocities and temperatures outside the magnetic cavity of comet P/Halley....Pages 174-178
The dependence of mass resolution and sensitivity of the PUMA instrument on the energy spread of ions produced by hypervelocity impacts....Pages 179-182
Spatial distribution of heavy ions in comet P/Halley’s coma....Pages 183-190
Quasi-periodic features and the radial distribution of cometary ions in the cometary plasma region of comet P/Halley....Pages 191-194
Electronic spectroscopy and relaxation of some molecular cations of cometary interest....Pages 195-200
Possible models on disturbances of the plasma tail of comet Halley during the 1985-1986 apparition....Pages 201-208
Structure and dynamics of the plasma tail of comet P/Halley....Pages 209-214
Structure and dynamics of the plasma tail of comet P/Halley....Pages 215-219
Hot ions observed by the Giotto ion mass spectrometer at the comet P/Halley contact surface....Pages 220-224
Photographic observations of tail-formation activities of comet P/Halley in November 1985....Pages 225-228
The outburst of comet P/Halley on December 12, 1985....Pages 229-232
Structure and dynamics of plasma-tail condensations of comet P/Halley 1986 and inferences on the structure and activity of the cometary nucleus....Pages 233-248
Observations of the coma of comet P/Halley and the outburst of 1986 March 24–25 (UT)....Pages 249-255
Observations of ions in comet P/Halley with a focal reducer....Pages 256-260
Two disconnection events in comet P/Halley and possible solar causes....Pages 261-263
Activity of the plasma tail of comet P/Halley in March, 1986....Pages 264-266
The cause of two plasma-tail disconnection events in comet P/Halley during the ICE-Halley radial period....Pages 267-275
Energy spectra of energetic ions in the vicinity of comet P/Giacobini-Zinner....Pages 276-280
Plasma structures in comets P/Halley and Giacobini-Zinner....Pages 281-286
Analysis of the electron measurements from the Plasmag-1 experiment on board Vega 2 in the vicinity of comet P/Halley....Pages 287-289
The upstream region, foreshock and bow shock wave at comet P/Halley from plasma electron measurements....Pages 290-292
Stochastic Fermi acceleration of ions in the pre-shock region of comet P/Halley....Pages 293-296
Measurements of low energy electrons and spacecraft potentials near comet P/Halley....Pages 297-303
Charge exchange of solar wind ions in the coma of comet P/Halley....Pages 304-306
Fluid simulation of comet P/Halley’s ionosphere....Pages 307-310
Unusual characteristics of electromagnetic waves excited by cometary newborn ions with large perpendicular energies....Pages 311-319
Far-ultraviolet objective spectra of comet P/Halley from sounding rockets....Pages 320-324
IUE observations of comet P/Halley: evolution of the ultraviolet spectrum between September 1985 and July 1986....Pages 325-328
Some diatomic molecules from comet P/Halley’s UV spectra near spacecraft flybys....Pages 329-332
Activity of comet P/Halley 23–25 March, 1986: IUE observations....Pages 333-338
Cometary MHD and chemistry....Pages 339-350
Atomic hydrogen production rates for comet P/Halley from observations with Dynamics Explorer 1....Pages 351-356
The spectrum of P/Halley’s coma obtained with an objective-prism....Pages 357-359
Comet P/Halley neutral gas density profile along the Vega-1 trajectory measured by the Neutral Gas Experiment....Pages 360-362
Low-resolution maps of comet P/Halley in principal atomic and molecular species....Pages 363-368
Pioneer Venus measurements of H, O, and C production in comet P/Halley near perihelion....Pages 369-374
Anisotropy of the neutral gas distribution of comet P/Halley deduced from Nge/Vega 1 measurements....Pages 375-379
The atomic carbon distribution in the coma of comet P/Halley....Pages 380-384
Carbon-isotope ratio in PUMA 1 spectra of P/Halley dust....Pages 385-387
Study of the isotopic features of Swan bands in comets....Pages 388-390
Kinematic properties of the neutral gas outflow from comet P/Halley....Pages 391-397
The spectrum of comet P/Halley between 0.9 and 2.5 microns....Pages 398-404
Anisotropic non-stationary gas flow dynamics in the coma of comet P/Halley....Pages 405-410
Infrared investigation of water in comet P/Halley....Pages 411-418
The ortho-para ratio of water vapor in comet P/Halley....Pages 419-424
The 2.7 μ m water band of comet P/Halley: interpretation of observations by an excitation model....Pages 425-430
Curves of growth of emission lines in cometary spectra. Implications for H 2 O and OH bands of comet P/Halley....Pages 431-434
The D/H ratio in water from comet P/Halley....Pages 435-437
Improved gas-kinetic treatment of cometary water sublimation and recondensation: application to comet P/Halley....Pages 438-450
Detection of OH rotational emission from comet P/Halley in the far-infrared....Pages 451-454
18-cm wavelength radio monitoring of the OH radical in comet P/Halley 1982i....Pages 455-461
10.7 GHz continuum observations of comet P/Halley....Pages 462-464
Rotational structure of the (2, 0) Phillips band of C 2 in comet P/Halley....Pages 465-468
OH radio observations of comet P/Halley....Pages 469-474
Observations of HCN in comet P/Halley....Pages 475-480
The CO and N 2 abundance in comet P/Halley....Pages 481-484
Resolution of the [O i ] + NH 2 blend in comet P/Halley....Pages 485-488
A rotational-state population analysis of the high-resolution IUE observation of CS emission in comet P/Halley....Pages 489-496
Search for methane in comet P/Halley....Pages 497-501
Evidence for methane and ammonia in the coma of comet P/Halley....Pages 502-512
Detection of parent molecules in comet P/Halley from the IKS-Vega experiment....Pages 513-518
Detection of a new emission band at 2.8 µm in comet P/Halley....Pages 519-522
Photometry of P/Halley (1982i)....Pages 523-525
Polarimetry of comet P/Halley: continuum versus molecular bands....Pages 526-530
Photometric observations of comet P/Giacobini-Zinner....Pages 531-538
Circular polarization near the nucleus of comet P/Halley....Pages 539-542
Spectrophotometry of comet P/Halley....Pages 543-550
Spectrophotometry of comet P/Halley at wavelengths 275—710 nm from Vega 2....Pages 551-559
The visual brightness behavior of P/Halley during 1981–1987....Pages 560-568
The spectral behavior of P/Halley at large heliocentric distance in light of the Giotto/Vega results....Pages 569-574
Periodicities in the light curve of P/halley and the rotation of its nucleus....Pages 575-580
Photometry of comet P/Halley at near post-perihelion phases....Pages 581-584
Observations of comet P/Halley at minimum phase angle....Pages 585-593
Chinese observations of comet P/Halley in China and abroad....Pages 594-600
Thermal infrared imaging of comet P/Halley....Pages 601-604
Low resolution mapping of comet P/Halley in the near-infrared....Pages 605-608
Infrared monitoring of comet P/Halley....Pages 609-615
Airborne and groundbased spectrophotometry of comet P/Halley from 5–13 micrometers....Pages 616-620
The near-infrared polarization and color of comet P/Halley....Pages 621-624
The 3.2–3.6 μ m emission features in comet P/Halley: spectral identifications and similarities....Pages 625-628
Airborne spectrophotometry of P/Halley from 16 to 30 microns....Pages 629-631
Photometry of comet P/Halley from 40 to 160 microns....Pages 632-634
Airborne spectrophotometry of P/Halley from 20 to 65 microns....Pages 635-638
Comet P/Halley near-nucleus phenomena in 1986....Pages 639-644
The sunward spike of Halley’s comet....Pages 645-649
Complex refractive index of grain material deduced from the visible polarimetry of comet P/Halley....Pages 650-652
Infrared emission from P/Halley’s dust coma during March 1986....Pages 653-660
The dust tail of comet P/Halley in April 1986....Pages 661-664
Albedo maps of comets P/Halley and P/Giacobini-Zinner....Pages 665-668
Polarimetry of grains in the coma of P/Halley....Pages 669-688
Polarimetry of comet P/Halley....Pages 689-692
Calibration of the DIDSY-IPM dust detector and application to other impact ionisation detectors on board the P/Halley probes....Pages 693-698
Dust in comet P/Halley from Vega observations....Pages 699-706
Properties of dust in comet P/Halley measured by the Vega-2 three-channel spectrometer....Pages 707-711
Dust distribution of comet P/Halley’s inner coma determined from the Giotto Radio-Science Experiment....Pages 712-718
The dust distribution within the inner coma of comet P/Halley 1982i: encounter by Giotto’s impact detectors....Pages 719-741
The dust coma of comet P/Halley: measurements on the Vega-1 and Vega-2 spacecraft....Pages 742-752
Spatial and mass distribution of low-mass dust particles ( m < 10 −10 g) in comet P/Halley’s coma....Pages 753-760
First statistical analysis of 5000 mass spectra of cometary grains obtained by PUMA 1 (Vega 1) and PIA (Giotto) impact ionization mass spectrometers in the compressed modes....Pages 761-766
Comet P/Halley: implications of the mass distribution function for the photopolarimetric properties of the dust coma....Pages 767-773
An attempt to evaluate the structure of cometary dust particles....Pages 774-778
Systematics of the “CHON” and other light-element particle populations in comet P/Halley....Pages 779-784
Secondary electron emission induced by gas and dust impacts on Giotto, Vega-1 and Vega-2 in the environment of comet P/Halley....Pages 785-788
Dust environment of comet P/Halley: a review....Pages 789-795
Charging of dust particles in comets and in interplanetary space....Pages 796-800
Evaporating grains in P/Halley’s coma....Pages 801-806
Comet P/Halley’s nucleus and its activity....Pages 807-823
Electrostatic charging and fragmentation of dust near P/Giacobini-Zinner and P/Halley....Pages 824-828
Evolution of comet P/Halley in early march 1986 as observed from Vega pictures....Pages 829-834
The spatial distribution of dust jets seen during the Vega 2 flyby....Pages 835-838
Temperature and size of the nucleus of comet P/Halley deduced from IKS infrared Vega 1 measurements....Pages 839-842
Fine dust structures in the emission of comet P/Halley observed by the Halley Multicolour Camera on board Giotto....Pages 843-846
Detailed analysis of a surface feature on comet P/Halley....Pages 847-851
The cometary nucleus: current concepts....Pages 852-858
Composition measurements and the history of cometary matter....Pages 859-866
Modeling Halley before and after the encounters....Pages 867-872
Post-perihelion brightening of comet P/Halley: Springtime for Halley....Pages 873-878
P/Halley dust characteristics: a comparison between Orionid and Eta Aquarid meteor observations and those from the flyby spacecraft....Pages 879-888
Radiation formation of a non-volatile comet crust....Pages 889-892
Astrometric positions of comet P/Halley....Pages 893-895
A new approach to investigations of the long-term motion of comet P/Halley....Pages 896-898
High-order librations of Halley-type comets....Pages 899-905
Dormant phases in the aging of periodic comets....Pages 906-908
The dynamical lifetime of comet P/Halley....Pages 909-912
Galactic tides affect the Oort cloud: an observational confirmation....Pages 913-918
The P/Halley meteor showers in 1985–1986....Pages 919-920
The spectra of meteors from Halley’s comet....Pages 921-924
Meteoroids from comet P/Halley. The comet’s mass production and age....Pages 925-927
The 1985 return of the Giacobinid meteor stream....Pages 928-930
The meteor stream associated with comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup....Pages 931-932
Meteor contribution by short-period comets....Pages 933-934
Associations between ancient comets and meteor showers....Pages 935-936
Front Matter....Pages 937-937
Exploration of Halley’s Comet: symposium summary....Pages 939-947
The Giotto mission to Halley’s Comet....Pages 949-958
The Vega mission to Halley’s Comet....Pages 959-964
The Sakigake/Suisei missions to Halley’s Comet....Pages 965-968
The International Cometary Explorer....Pages 969-980
The International Halley Watch....Pages 981-984