Essentials of Cloud Computing: A Holistic Perspective

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction to Cloud Computing
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Computing Models for Software Architecture of Enterprise Applications
		1.2.1 Monolithic Centralized Computing
		1.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Model
		1.2.3 Client–Server Model
			1.2.3.1 Two-Tier Client–Server Computing
			1.2.3.2 Three-Tier Client–Server Computing
			1.2.3.3 Three-Tier–N-Layer Client–Server Model
			1.2.3.4 N-Tier Distributed Client–Server Computing
	1.3 Computing Models for High Performance
		1.3.1 Cluster Computing
			1.3.1.1 Generic Architecture of Cluster
			1.3.1.2 Types of Clusters
		1.3.2 Grid Computing
			1.3.2.1 Essential Components of a Grid
	1.4 Computing Models to Sell Information Technology Resources
		1.4.1 Utility Computing
		1.4.2 What’s the Point of Cloud Computing?
			1.4.2.1 Motivational Ideas Behind Cloud Computing
			1.4.2.2 Why the Name Cloud Computing?
			1.4.2.3 Defining Cloud Computing
			1.4.2.4 Stakeholders in Cloud Computing
			1.4.2.5 Cloud Computing Versus Grid Computing
			1.4.2.6 Applications of Cloud Computing
			1.4.2.7 Limitations of Cloud Computing
			1.4.2.8 Ultimately Do We Really Need Cloud Computing?
	1.5 Summary
	1.6 Exercises
	References
2 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
	2.1 Essential Needs of Enterprises and How They Are Fulfilled by the Unique Features of Cloud Computing
		2.1.1 Scalability and On-Demand Provisioning
		2.1.2 Self-service Access
		2.1.3 Resource Pooling and Multi-tenancy
		2.1.4 Rapid Elasticity
		2.1.5 Measured Service and Pay-as-Per-Use Pricing Model
	2.2 Architecture of Cloud
		2.2.1 Front End
		2.2.2 Network
		2.2.3 Back End
	2.3 Deployment Models for Cloud Services
		2.3.1 Public Cloud Deployment
		2.3.2 Private Cloud Deployment
		2.3.3 Hybrid Cloud Deployment
		2.3.4 Community Cloud
		2.3.5 Multi-cloud
	2.4 Service Class Models
		2.4.1 Infrastructure as a Service
		2.4.2 Platform as a Service
		2.4.3 Software as a Service
	2.5 Brief Overview of Existing Public Cloud Service Providers
		2.5.1 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
		2.5.2 Amazon Simple Storage Service
		2.5.3 Amazon CloudFront
		2.5.4 Microsoft Azure
		2.5.5 Google App Engine
		2.5.6 Force.com
		2.5.7 Salesforce.com
	2.6 Summary
	2.7 Exercises
	References
3 Technological Foundations of Cloud Computing
	3.1 Basic Foundations of Cloud Computing
	3.2 Technological Drivers of Cloud Computing
	3.3 Multi-core Technology and Parallel Programming Models
	3.4 Virtualization
		3.4.1 Server Virtualization
			3.4.1.1 Types of Hypervisors
			3.4.1.2 Types of Server Virtualization
		3.4.2 Storage Virtualization
		3.4.3 Network Virtualization
		3.4.4 Memory Virtualization
		3.4.5 Desktop Virtualization
		3.4.6 Data Virtualization
		3.4.7 Application Virtualization
	3.5 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Cloud Computing
	3.6 Grid and Utility Computing Technologies
	3.7 Web 2.0 for Cloud Computing
	3.8 Microservices Architecture (MSA), DevOps, and Agile
	3.9 Software-Defined Networking and Software-Defined Security
	3.10 Summary
	3.11 Exercises
	References
4 Cloud Networking
	4.1 Fundamental Concepts of Networking
		4.1.1 Basic Networking Devices (Hubs, Switches, Bridges, Routers, Gateways)
	4.2 Overview of Enterprise Networks and Internetworking
	4.3 Network Design Requirements and Design Goals
	4.4 Standard Network Models
		4.4.1 Flat Networking Model
		4.4.2 Hierarchical Networking Model
	4.5 Modern Network Requirements and Need for Suitable Network Model
	4.6 Leaf Spine Architecture
	4.7 Need for Programmable/Automatic Network Configuration
	4.8 Different Methods of Configuring Network Devices
		4.8.1 Manual and Conventional Method for Configuring Network Devices
		4.8.2 Early Methods for Automatic Configuration of Network Devices
		4.8.3 Software-Defined Networking
			4.8.3.1 Features of Software-Defined Networking
			4.8.3.2 How Does a Software-Defined Networking Controller Help Software-Defined Networking Applications Manage a Network?
			4.8.3.3 Software-Defined Networking Controllers and Software-Defined Networking Switches
			4.8.3.4 Functional Modules of a Software-Defined Networking Controller
			4.8.3.5 Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SDWAN)
	4.9 Network Function Virtualization
	4.10 Summary
	4.11 Exercises
	References
5 Storage Fundamentals and Cloud Storage
	5.1 Taxonomy of Storage
	5.2 Direct Attached Storage
		5.2.1 Architecture of DAS
			5.2.1.1 Different Adapters or Interfaces Between Computer and Direct Attached Storage
			5.2.1.2 Popular Direct Attached Storage Devices
	5.3 Network Attached Storage
		5.3.1 Architecture of Network Attached Storage
		5.3.2 File-Sharing Concept in Network Attached Storage
	5.4 Storage Area Network
		5.4.1 Why Do We Need Storage Area Networks?
		5.4.2 Concept of a Storage Area Network
	5.5 Fiber Channel Storage Area Networks
		5.5.1 Architecture of Fiber Channel Storage Area Networks
		5.5.2 Fiber Channel Topologies
		5.5.3 Fiber Channel Port Types
		5.5.4 Fiber Channel Storage Area Network Protocol
			5.5.4.1 Different Classes of Services
			5.5.4.2 Flow Control
			5.5.4.3 Sequences and Exchanges
		5.5.5 How the Fiber Channel Storage Area Network Works: An Overview
		5.5.6 Data Access Methods in a Storage Area Network
	5.6 Internet Protocol Storage Area Network
		5.6.1 Architecture of Internet Protocol Storage Area Network
		5.6.2 Storage Protocols for Internet Protocol Storage Area Network
			5.6.2.1 Internet Small Computer System Interface (ISCSI)
			5.6.2.2 Fiber Channel Over TCP/IP (FCIP) Protocol
			5.6.2.3 Internet Fiber Channel Protocol (IFCP)
	5.7 Converged Enhanced Ethernet
		5.7.1 FCoE Storage Area Network
	5.8 Cloud Storage
		5.8.1 What’s the Point of the Cloud and Cloud Storage?
		5.8.2 What Form Do Storage Devices Take Inside the Cloud? What Does the Architecture of Cloud Storage Look Like?
			5.8.2.1 Architecture of Cloud Storage
		5.8.3 Storage Optimization Techniques
	5.9 Software-Defined Storage
	5.10 Summary
	5.11 Exercises
	References
6 Cloud Security
	6.1 Basic Security Requirements
	6.2 Traditional Enterprise Security Model
	6.3 Aspects/Factors that Influence Security in Cloud
	6.4 Security Threats in Cloud Computing
		6.4.1 General Types of Threats
			6.4.1.1 Data-Related Security Threats
			6.4.1.2 Application-Related Security Issues
			6.4.1.3 Server and Network-Related Threats
			6.4.1.4 Vulnerabilities in Cloud Application Programming Interfaces
			6.4.1.5 Insider Threats
		6.4.2 Threats Due to Virtualization
			6.4.2.1 Virtualization Threats and Related Security Aspects in Infrastructure as a Service Cloud
			6.4.2.2 Virtualization Threats and Related Security Aspects in Platform as a Service Cloud
			6.4.2.3 Virtualization Threats and Related Security Aspects in Software as a Service Cloud
	6.5 Summary
	6.6 Exercises
	References
7 Cloud Migration
	7.1 Motivations for Cloud Migration
		7.1.1 Types of Migration
	7.2 Migration Process
	7.3 Migration Strategies
	7.4 Cloud-Ready, Cloud-Optimized, and Cloud-Native Applications
	7.5 Pros and Cons of Different Migration Strategies
	7.6 Summary
	7.7 Exercises
	References
8 Cloud Monitoring
	8.1 Need for Monitoring Cloud
	8.2 Characteristics of Cloud Monitoring Systems
	8.3 What to Monitor?
	8.4 Who Should Monitor and Levels of Monitoring?
	8.5 Stages of Cloud Monitoring
	8.6 Cloud Monitoring Platforms and Tools
	8.7 Challenges in Cloud Monitoring
	8.8 Summary
	8.9 Exercises
	References
9 Basics of Cloud Management
	9.1 Need for Cloud Management
		9.1.1 Requirements of Cloud Management
		9.1.2 Need for Cloud Management Platform Tools
	9.2 Core Functions of Cloud Management Platforms
	9.3 Architecture of Cloud Management Platforms
		9.3.1 VMware Validated Design for Software-Defined Data Center
		9.3.2 Cloud Management Platforms: Consolidated View and Architecture
	9.4 Summary
	9.5 Exercises
	References
10 Cloud Service Brokerage
	10.1 Need for Cloud Service Brokerage
	10.2 Types of Cloud Brokers
	10.3 Benefits of Cloud Brokerage Solutions
	10.4 Generic Architecture of Cloud Service Broker
	10.5 Cloud Service Brokerage Tools
		10.5.1 Jamcracker
		10.5.2 IBM Cloud Brokerage
	10.6 Summary
	10.7 Exercises
	References
11 Cloud Orchestration
	11.1 Emergence of Hybrid Cloud and Multi-cloud Environments
		11.1.1 Challenges in Managing Hybrid Cloud and Multi-cloud Environments
	11.2 Cloud Orchestration
		11.2.1 Types of Orchestration
		11.2.2 Key Functions of Orchestration Engine
	11.3 Some Leading Cloud Orchestration Tools
	11.4 Summary
	11.5 Exercises
	References
12 Disaster Recovery
	12.1 Disaster Recovery and Its Requirements
	12.2 Benefits of Cloud for Disaster Recovery
	12.3 Primary Components for Disaster Recovery
	12.4 Designing a Disaster Recovery Plan
	12.5 Proven Disaster Recovery Approaches
	12.6 Implementation of Disaster Recovery Using Cloud
	12.7 Disaster Recovery—Best Practices
	12.8 Prominent Workloads for Disaster Recovery
	12.9 Disaster Recovery as a Service
	12.10 Summary
	12.11 Exercises
	References
Index