Environmental performance reviews : Portugal 2001.

Conclusions and Recommendations --
PART I. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT --
1. Implementing Environmental Policies --
-1. Evaluation of Performance --
Objectives --
Institutional and Legal Framework --
Environmental Planning and Investment Programming --
Regulatory Instruments --
Economic Instruments --
Other Instruments --
2. Focus on Selected Topics --
Development of Environmental Institutions --
Enforcement of Environmental Regulations --
Economic Instruments --
2. Air Management --
-1. Evaluation of Performance --
Objectives --
Air Management --
Integration of Air Pollution Objectives into Sectoral Policies --
2. Focus on Selected Topics --
Evoluation of National Air Emissions --
Improvements in Urban Air Quality --
Key Trends in the Transport Sector --
Economic Signals: Pricing and Taxation --
3. Water Management --
-1. Evaluation of Performance --
Policy Objectives in the 1990s --
Trends in the Use of Water Resources --
Trends in Water Quality --
Trends in Pressures on Water Quality --
Achievements in Water Management Planning --
2. Focus on Selected Topics --
Irrigation Development and its Financing --
Improving the Pricing of Water Services --
Towards River Basin Management --
4. Waste Management --
-1. Evaluation of Performance --
Policy Objectives --
Municipal Waste --
Industrial Waste --
Other Waste --
Transboundary Movements of Waste --
2. Focus on Selected Topics --
Development of Legislation --
National Plans --
Elimination of Dumping --
5. Biodiversity --
-1. Evaluation of Performance --
Policy Objectives in the 1990s --
Developing a Framework of Protected Areas --
Biodiversity Conservation Outside Protected Areas --
2. Focus on Selected Topics --
The State of Biodiversity in Portugal --
Increasing Incentives for Environmentally Friendly Farming --
Towards Sustainable Forest Management --
PART II. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPEMENT --
6. Environmental-Economic Integration --
-1. Evaluation of Performance --
Decoupling Environmental Pressures from Economic Growth --
Sustainable Development: Institutional Integration --
Sustainable Development: Market-Based Integration --
Environmental Expenditure --
2. Focus on Selected Topics --
Economic Context --
EU Support Mechanisms --
SMEs: Environmental Adjustments Contracts --
7. Environmental-Social Integration --
-1. Evaluation of Peformance --
Objectives --
Environmental Awareness and Education --
Environmental Democracy --
Environmental Justice and Distribution --
Environmental Employment --
2. Focus on Selected Topics --
Social Context --
Environmental Information and Education: The Experience of IPAMB --
Environmental Convergence and Spatial Development --
8. Sectoral Integration: Tourism --
-1. Evaluation of Performance --
Policy Objectives of the 1990s --
Environmental Pressure from Tourism --
Towards Environmentally Friendly Tourism --
2. Focus on Selected Topics --
State of and Trends in the Tourism Sector --
Eco-Tourism: The National Programme for Nature Tourism --
Tourism in the Algarve --
PART III. INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS --
9. International Cooperation --
1. Evaluation of Performance --
Marine Issues --
Climate Change --
Other Global Issues --
Liability and Compensation --
Development Aid --
Integration in Europe --
2. Focus on Selected Topics --
Bilateral Cooperation with Spain --
Regional Issues: Transboundary Air Pollution --
Annex IA. Selected Environmental Data --
Annex IB. Selected Economic Data --
Annex IC. Selected Social Data --
Annex IIA. Selected Multinational Agreements (Worldwide) --
Annex IIB. Selected Multinational Agreements (Regional) --
Annex III. Chronology of Selected Environmental Events (1990-2001).