Environmental Justice: Creating Equity, Reclaiming Democracy (Environmental Ethics and Science Policy.)

Contents......Page 12
Introduction......Page 18
Environmentalism and Biocentrism......Page 19
From Environmentalism to Environmental Justice......Page 20
Understanding Environmental Injustice......Page 21
Overview of the Book......Page 33
2 Distributive Justice, Participative Justice, and the Principle of Prima Facie Political Equality......Page 38
The Principle of Prima Facie Political Equality (PPFPE) and Distributive Justice......Page 39
The Principle of Prima Facie Political Equality and Participative Justice......Page 42
Objections to the Principle of Prima Facie Political Equality......Page 44
How Careless Use of Science Can Encourage Environmental Injustice......Page 49
Federal versus Local Control of Siting: Balancing Equity and Utility......Page 51
A Case Study......Page 56
Conclusions......Page 62
3 Appalachians, Access to Land, and Procedural Justice......Page 64
Overview......Page 65
Setting the Scene for the First Argument: The California Farmer......Page 66
Another Instance of Environmental Injustice: The Appalachian Farmer......Page 68
Procedural Justice and End-State Principles......Page 70
Resource Transactions. Voluntariness. and the Lockean Proviso......Page 71
Suggestions for Limiting Property Rights in Land......Page 77
Objections to the Argument......Page 78
A Second Argument tor Limiting Property Rights in Resources......Page 79
Objections to the Second .Argument......Page 80
Conclusion......Page 83
Reverend Coleman and the South Side......Page 86
A Case Study: Homer, Louisiana......Page 89
The Louisiana Siting Was Not Ethically justified......Page 92
Objections and Replies: An Environmentally just Energy Policy......Page 99
Objections and Replies: No Economic Need for the Plant......Page 105
Postscript......Page 107
Overview......Page 110
Prima Facie Arguments for Equal Treatment......Page 111
Utilitarian Objections......Page 112
Duties to Future Cenerations......Page 115
Consent and Future Persons......Page 120
Practical and Legal Considerations Affecting justice for Future People......Page 128
Conclusions......Page 131
6 Native Peoples and the Problem of Paternalism......Page 132
Colonialism and the Exploitation of Indigenous People: The Case of Shell Oil......Page 133
Overview......Page 136
Paternalism, Consent, and Participative justice......Page 137
The Mescalero Apache, Paternalism, and Waste Disposal......Page 139
Environmental Justice and the Mescalero......Page 141
Geographical Inequality, Distributive Justice, and the Mescalero......Page 143
History of the Nuclear Waste Issue......Page 144
Science Relevant to Nuclear Waste Problem......Page 146
Conclusion......Page 147
7 Risky Occupational Environments, the Double Standard, and Just Compensation......Page 150
Overview......Page 151
The Double Standard......Page 152
Historical Background......Page 153
The Theory of the Compensating Wage Differential......Page 154
Arguments against the CWD......Page 163
A Case Study: Six Hundred Thousand DOE Workers......Page 167
Conclusions and Alternatives......Page 176
8 Developing Nations, Equal Protection, and the Limits of Moral Heroism......Page 178
Overview......Page 180
The Social Progress Argument......Page 181
The Bloody Loaf Argument......Page 182
The Consent Argument and a Moral Response to It......Page 186
The Economic-Reality Argument and a Moral Response to It......Page 190
Citizens' Responsibilities for Environmental Justice......Page 192
Conclusion......Page 197
Overview......Page 200
The Tilted Playing Field......Page 201
Consequentialist Arguments for Environmental Justice Advocacy......Page 210
Restrictions on Environmental-Justice Advocacy......Page 212
Practical Steps: Working with Nongovernmental Organizations......Page 217
Conclusion......Page 220
Notes......Page 222
B......Page 276
C......Page 277
F......Page 278
L......Page 279
N......Page 280
P......Page 281
S......Page 282
W......Page 283
Z......Page 284