Environmental Biotechnology

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 14
1.2 Wastewater......Page 18
1.3 Physical Parameters......Page 20
1.4 Chemical Parameters......Page 22
1.5 Biological Characteristics......Page 31
1.6 Disposal of Wastewater......Page 32
1.7 Self-Purification of Natural Streams......Page 33
1.8 Oxygen Sag Analysis......Page 35
2.1.2 Strength Reduction......Page 42
2.3 Equalization......Page 43
2.5 Wastewater Treatment......Page 44
2.6 Screens......Page 47
2.7 Grit Chamber......Page 49
2.8 Primary Sedimentation......Page 51
3.2 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells......Page 57
3.3 Kinds of Microorganisms......Page 59
3.4 Pathogenic Organisms......Page 60
3.5 Indicator Organisms......Page 63
3.8 Viable Counts......Page 64
3.9 Membrane Filter......Page 65
3.11 Culture of Bacteria......Page 66
3.12 Identification of Specific Organisms......Page 67
4.1 Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatment......Page 69
4.2 Trickling Filters (Aerobic Attached Growth Process)......Page 70
4.5 High-Rate Trickling Filter......Page 72
4.7 Design of Trickling Filter......Page 73
4.8 Activated Sludge Process (Aerobic Suspended Growth Process)......Page 76
4.9 Biological Kinetics......Page 78
4.10 Types of Processes and Modifications......Page 79
4.11 Plug Flow (Conventional) Type......Page 80
4.12 Step Aeration......Page 81
4.15 Tapered Aeration......Page 82
4.17 Extended Aeration......Page 83
4.19 Stabilization Ponds......Page 87
5.2 Principle of Anaerobic  Wastewater Treatment......Page 91
5.4 Advantages of Anaerobic Treatment Process......Page 92
5.7 Anaerobic Suspended Growth Process......Page 93
5.8.1 UASB Design Considerations......Page 95
5.9 Septic Tank......Page 97
5.10 Attached Growth Anaerobic Process......Page 100
6.2 Methods of Disposal......Page 101
7.2 Sludge Treatment......Page 103
7.4 Types of Digesters......Page 105
7.8 Physical Stabilization (Heat Treatment)......Page 107
7.14 Filter Pressing......Page 108
7.17 Dumping Into Sea......Page 109
8.2 Classification of Solid Wastes Based on their Sources of Origin......Page 110
8.3 Properties of Solid Waste......Page 111
8.4 Factors Influencing Solid Waste Management......Page 113
8.6 Engineered Systems For Solid Waste Management......Page 114
8.9 Transport......Page 115
8.11 Disposal......Page 116
8.12 Composting......Page 118
8.13 Bioreactor Landfill......Page 119
8.14 Incineration......Page 120
9.2 Contamination of Soil and Ground Water......Page 122
9.3 Bioremediation Systems......Page 123
9.7 Limitations of Bioremediation......Page 124
References......Page 126
Index......Page 128