Engineering of Functional Skeletal Tissues

Cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 5
Contributors......Page 9
Contents......Page 13
1.1 Introduction......Page 14
1.3 Stem-Cell Repair of Bone......Page 15
1.4 Microenvironmental Influences on Bone Formation by Stem Cells......Page 18
1.5 Safety and Success......Page 19
1.6 Stem-Cell-Engineered Cartilage: Microenvironmental Factors Influence Stem-Cell Chondrogenesis......Page 20
1.7 Keeping Things Together: Stem-Cell-Engineered Ligament and Tendon......Page 22
References......Page 24
2.2 Cytokines, Morphogens, and Growth Factors: The TNF-a Family......Page 30
2.3 Origins of Postnatal Skeletal Stem Cells, Cytokines, and Morphogenetic Signals During Bone Repair......Page 44
2.4 Bone Repair Is Dependent upon Multiple Cellular and Molecular Signals......Page 48
2.5 Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Uses of Morphogenetic Factors......Page 50
References......Page 51
3.2 An Overview of Musculoskeletal Graft Harvesting and Processing......Page 59
3.3 Infection from Musculoskeletal Transplants......Page 61
3.4 Donor Selection Factors Affecting Musculoskeletal Allograft Performance......Page 63
References......Page 65
4.1 Introduction......Page 68
4.2 Background......Page 69
4.3 Applications of Biodegradable Orthopedic Implants......Page 70
4.4 Requirements of Biodegradable Orthopedic Implants......Page 72
4.5 Materials......Page 74
References......Page 78
5.2 Scaffolds......Page 82
5.3 Porous Metallic Scaffolds......Page 83
5.4 Cell-Based Approach and Titanium Fiber Mesh......Page 85
5.5 In Vivo Bone Engineering: Cell-Based Approach......Page 88
5.6 Growth-Factor-Based Approach: Titanium Fiber Mesh......Page 90
5.7 Conclusions......Page 91
References......Page 92
6.2 Scaffold Formation......Page 94
6.3 Scaffold Design Properties......Page 101
References......Page 104
7.1 Introduction......Page 108
7.2 Necessary Properties of an Injectable Scaffold......Page 109
7.3 Ceramic-Based Injectable Scaffolds......Page 110
7.4 Hydrogel-Based Injectable Scaffolds......Page 113
7.5 Outlook......Page 118
References......Page 119
8.1 Introduction......Page 123
8.2 Bone Healing......Page 124
8.3 Motion and Osteogenesis......Page 128
8.4 Micromotion and Implant Osseointegration......Page 133
8.5 Summary......Page 137
References......Page 138
9.1 Introduction......Page 142
9.2 Bone Formation Around Teeth......Page 144
9.3 Bone Formation Around Dental Implants......Page 147
9.4 Bone Regeneration in Areas Insufficient for Implant Placement......Page 148
9.5 Current Trends and Future Applications......Page 149
References......Page 151
10.1 Introduction......Page 154
10.2 Nature’s Design Solution: the Biological Ecosystem cum Gold Standard for Tissue Design Specifications......Page 155
10.3 Concept of Engineering Bones at Multiple Time and Length Scales......Page 156
10.4 Computational Cell and Tissue Models at Multiple Length Scales......Page 158
10.5 Organ to Tissue Scale In Silico Models......Page 159
10.6 On Choosing Models and Relationships Appropriate for Length Scale......Page 161
10.7 Tissue to Cell to Molecular Scale......Page 165
10.8 Cell to Subcellular Scale......Page 168
10.10 Case Study: Design Optimization of a Tissue-Engineering Scaffold......Page 169
10.11 Epilogue......Page 171
References......Page 172
Index......Page 174