Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (Issues in Environmental Science and Technology)

Cover.jpg......Page 1
Front Matter......Page 2
Table of Contents......Page 0
Preface......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 8
1. The Emergence of Endocrine Disruption as a Toxicological Problem......Page 11
2. The Expanding Definition of Endocrine Disruption......Page 14
3. Human Health and Endocrine Disrupters......Page 15
4. Endocrine Disruption and Wildlife......Page 18
5. Proposed Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption......Page 21
6. Suspected EDs and Sources of Exposure......Page 23
7. Methods of Identifying EDs......Page 26
8. Estimation of Risk from EDs......Page 29
9. Positions and Activities of Governments and International Organizations......Page 31
10. Conclusions and Unanswered Questions......Page 35
1. Background......Page 37
2. The Nature of Aquatic Pollution......Page 38
3. The Endocrine System of Fish......Page 40
5. Male Reproductive Problems in Fish......Page 44
6. Female Reproductive Problems in Fish......Page 47
7. Abnormalities in Growth, Metabolism and the Stress Response......Page 52
8. Abnormal Liver Function......Page 53
9. The Implications of Endocrine Dysfunction for Fish......Page 54
10. Fish, Wildlife and Humans - A Warning......Page 56
11. Conclusion......Page 57
1. Introduction......Page 59
2. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals......Page 60
3. Endocrine Disrupters in Invertebrates......Page 61
4. Invertebrate Endocrine Function......Page 64
5. Evidence of Endocrine Disruption in Invertebrates......Page 65
6. Detection and Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals......Page 67
7. Biomarkers of Endocrine Disruption......Page 68
8. A Strategy for the Detection of Endocrine Disruption......Page 69
9. Summary and Conclusions......Page 70
1. Introduction......Page 71
2. Evidence for Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife......Page 72
3. Biological and Physicochemical Modifiers of Endocrine Disrupter Exposure......Page 85
4. Geographical Considerations and Implications for Recovery Rates......Page 89
5. Conclusions......Page 91
6. Acknowledgements......Page 92
2. Is Male Reproductive Health Deteriorating?......Page 93
3. Is There a Common Aetiology?......Page 97
4. Determinants of Fertility in Adulthood......Page 98
5. Exposure to Oestrogen Is Associated with Impaired Male Reproductive Health......Page 103
6. Effects of Oestrogen on the Development and Function of the Male Reproductive System......Page 105
7. Environmental Oestrogens......Page 111
8. Are Humans at Risk?......Page 115
9. Endocrine Disruption - Concluding Remarks......Page 117
10. Acknowledgements......Page 118
1. Introduction......Page 119
3. Potential Beneficial Effects......Page 124
4. Possible Causes for Concern......Page 139
5. Conclusions......Page 142
6. Acknowledgements......Page 144
1. Introduction......Page 145
2. The Need for Research and Science Policy......Page 146
3. Endocrine Disrupter Screening, Testing and Regulatory Implementation......Page 149
4. Implementation of the Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program......Page 155
5. Conclusions......Page 156
Index......Page 157