Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Herbivore Interactions on Islands (Ecological Studies, 249)

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
1: Introduction: Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Herbivore Interactions on Islands
	1.1 Islands as Model Systems in Ecology and Evolution of Species Interactions
	1.2 Herbivory on Islands
	1.3 Chapters Overview: Novel Tests and Views
	References
Part I: Plant Defences
	2: Spinescence and the Island Plant Defense Syndrome
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Spinescence Background
		2.3 Spinescence in Island Plants
			2.3.1 Native Vertebrate Herbivores on Islands
			2.3.2 Evidence for Spinescence in Island Plants
		2.4 Case Study
		2.5 Spinescence in Island Plants: Conclusions
		References
	3: The Consequences of Species Extinctions and Introductions for Plant-Frugivore Interactions on Islands
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Vulnerability of Plant-Frugivore Interactions on Islands
		3.3 The Extent of Frugivore Change on Islands Globally and in Mauritius
		3.4 Consequences of Seed Disperser Loss for Island Plants
		3.5 Challenges in Identifying Effects of Disperser Loss on Plants
			3.5.1 Determining Species Extinctions, Functional Extinctions, and Co-extinctions
			3.5.2 Alternative Modes of Reproduction and Dispersal
			3.5.3 Obtaining Comprehensive Data
		3.6 Conclusion
			Box 3.1 Extinctions and Introductions in the Mascarenes
			Box 3.2 Seed Dispersal Effectiveness (SDE)
		References
	4: Leaf Traits Linked to Herbivory in Lineages with Mediterranean-Macaronesian Distributions: Does an Island Syndrome in Plant...
		4.1 Phenotypic Syndromes in Macaronesian Plants: Biogeographical Framework
		4.2 Leaf Traits Putatively Associated with Plant Defence: Insights from the Comparison Between Macaronesian and Mainland Medit...
			4.2.1 Spinescence
			4.2.2 Leaf Size
			4.2.3 Secondary Metabolites
			4.2.4 Photosynthetic Rates
		4.3 Synthesis and Future Considerations: A Syndrome Perspective
		References
	5: The Loss (and Gain) of Defensive Adaptations in Island Plants and Animals: A Comparative Review
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Island Disharmony and Enemy-Specific Selection
		5.3 Methods
		5.4 Results
		5.5 Synthesis
		5.6 Future Directions and Conclusions
		References
Part II: Plant-Herbivore Interactions
	6: Impact of Non-native Mammalian Herbivores on Insular Plant Communities in the Canary and Balearic Islands
		6.1 Overview of Introduced Mammalian Herbivores on Islands
		6.2 Native Herbivore Paleofauna of the Studied Insular Systems
		6.3 Endemic Flora of the Canary and Balearic Islands and Their Vulnerability
		6.4 History of Exotic Mammalian Introductions and Current Status
		6.5 Impacts of Introduced Mammalian Herbivores on Both Insular Systems
			6.5.1 Impact of Herbivory by Feral Goats
			6.5.2 Effects of the European Rabbit
		6.6 Case Studies of Highly Threatened Endemic Species
			6.6.1 Cytisus supranubius (Tenerife and La Palma, Canary Islands)
			6.6.2 Coristospermum huteri and Agrostis barceloi (Mallorca, Balearic Islands)
		6.7 Multidisciplinary Perspectives and Recommendations
			6.7.1 Government Administration
			6.7.2 Managers and Technicians
			6.7.3 Researchers
			6.7.4 Hunting Associations
			6.7.5 General Society and Environmental Associations
			6.7.6 Animalism Versus Conservationism
		6.8 Conclusions and Final Remarks
		References
	7: Potential Benefits of Mammalian Herbivores on Insular Systems: The Case of Goats on Mediterranean Islands
		7.1 The Singularity of Mediterranean Islands
		7.2 Goats Helped Man to Invade the Mediterranean Islands
		7.3 Domestic, Feral, and Wild Goats: A Contribution to Animal Biodiversity
		7.4 Potential Contribution of Goats to the Maintenance of Plant Diversity, Heterogeneity, and Ecosystem Functions
		7.5 Forest Fire Prevention Ecosystem Services
		7.6 The Ecosystem Services Generated by Goat Hunting Reserves
		7.7 Benefits for Other Animal Species
		7.8 Potential Contribution of Goats to the Maintenance of Endemic Plant with Traits Resistance and Tolerance to Herbivory
		7.9 Conclusions
		7.10 Epilogue
		References
	8: Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Enemy Interactions during Early Colonization: Messages from a Land-Rising Archipelago
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Setting the Stage: Plant Colonization and Succession
		8.3 Focal Plants and Enemies
		8.4 Arrival of Plant Enemies and Eco-Evolutionary Feedbacks
		8.5 Synthesis
		8.6 Conclusions
		References
	9: Island Features and Abiotic Factors as Drivers of Insect Leaf Herbivory on Islands
		9.1 Effects of Island Physical Features on Herbivory
		9.2 A Case of Study across Insular Systems in Europe
		9.3 Synthesis and Outlook
		References
Part III: Tritrophic Interactions
	10: Food Web Dynamics on Bahamian Islands
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Food-Web Structure and Dynamics
			10.2.1 Comparative Studies
			10.2.2 Field Experiments
		10.3 Hurricanes
		10.4 Marine Subsidies
		10.5 Discussion
			10.5.1 Food-Web Structure of the Study System
			10.5.2 Temporal Variability in Food-Web Dynamics
		10.6 Conclusions
		References
	11: Impact of Predators on Arthropod Herbivores and Herbivory along Mountain Ranges on Islands Versus Mainland
		11.1 Introduction
			11.1.1 Arthropod Herbivores, Herbivory, and Plant Defences along the Elevational Gradients of Islands
			11.1.2 Insectivorous Predators on Islands
		11.2 Manipulative Experiments Studying the Effect of Predators on Lower Trophic Strata on Islands
		11.3 Discussion and Conclusions
		11.4 Synthesis and Outlook
		References
	12: Pest Control in Coffee: A Tri-trophic Comparison between a Mainland and an Island Agroecosystem
		12.1 The Organizational Complexity of the System
		12.2 The Coffee Berry Borer
		12.3 The Leaf Miner System
		12.4 The Scale Insect System
		12.5 The Coffee Leaf Rust System
		12.6 Conclusion
		References
Epilogue
A Multivariate View on Plant Defences on Islands
Understanding Variability in Top-Down Pressure
Collecting Multi-Trophic Data
Identifying Abiotic Drivers across Trophic Levels
Merging Biogeography and Evolutionary Ecology of Herbivory
References