Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stūpa at Amarāvatī (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE)

Contents
     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
     ABBREVIATIONS
     NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION AND CITATION OF PRIMARY SOURCES
     LIST OF figures tables maps and plates
          FIGURES
          TABLES
          MAPS
          Plates
          PLATES
     INTRODUCTION
     DISCOVERY OF THE AMARĀVATĪ STŪPA
          I. Discovery of the Stūpa and Early Excavations
          II. Historiography
               1. Archaeological Epigraphic and Art-Historical Analysis
               2. Historical Analysis
               3. Methodological Problems
          III. Possible Approaches
               1. Comprehensive Examination of the Objects in Site Context
               2. Intensive Survey of Archaeological and Epigraphic Data for Recovering Regional History
               3. Active Reading of the Archaeological and Epigraphic Data
          IV. The Scheme of This Study
CHAPTER ONE
     DYNASTIC HISTORY
          I. The Pre-Historic and Geographical Setting
               1. The Lower Krishna Valley
               2. Pre-Historic Settlements
               3. Amarāvatī
          II. The Early Historic Period (ca. 300 bce-300 ce)
               1. The Mauryan Period
               2. The Post-Mauryan Period
               3. The Sadas
               4. The Sātavāhanas
               5. The Ikṣvākus
          III. Chronological Framework
               1. The Starting Date of the Later Sātavāhanas
               2. The Termination Date of the Later Sātavāhanas
               3. The Date of the Sadas
               4. The Early Sātavāhanas
          Summary
CHAPTER TWO
     CHRONOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL RECONSTRUCTION
          I. Mauryan (?) Foundation of the Stūpa and Early Period of Construction (ca. 200–100 bce)
               1. Foundation of the Stūpa
               2. Date for the Earliest Architectural Remains
               3. Dimensions of the Early Stūpa
               4. Link to Pre-Buddhist Building Traditions
          II. Late Period of Construction (ca. 50 bce–250 ce)
               1. Enlargement of the Stūpa
               2. Construction of a New Limestone Railing
               3. Refurbishment of the Stūpa
          Summary
CHAPTER THREE
     SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
          I. Transition to Early Historic Society: The Mauryan Period
          II. Formation of Proto States: The Post-Mauryan Period
               1. Localization of State Infrastructures
               2. Socio-Economic Development
          III. Expansion and Intensification: The Sada-Sātavāhana Period
               1. From Regional State to Interregional State
               2. Expansion of Socio-Economic Spaces
          IV. The Transformation of Society: Epigraphic Evidence
               1. The Prevalence of Writing
               2. Disintegration of Traditional Society
          Summary
CHAPTER FOUR
     BUDDHIST PATRONAGE
          I. The Development of Buddhist Patronage
               1. The Rise of the Urban Ethic in Early Historic India
               2. Buddhist Patronage
          II. Organization of Buddhist Construction Work
               1. The Laymen: The Intermediaries
               2. The Saṃgha: the Supervisor
               3. The Kings: A Catalyst
               4. Stūpa: The Architecture of Collective Patronage
          Summary
CHAPTER FIVE
     CITY AND MONASTERY
          I. The Spatial Relationship between Buddhist Monasteries and     Cities
          II. Components of the ‘Outside’ Spaces
               1. Funerary Spaces
               2. Trade/Exchange
          III. Nature of the ‘Outside’ Spaces
               1. Insecurity
               2. Impurity
               3. Transcendence
          IV. Social Roles of Buddhist Monasteries in Peripheral Spaces
          Summary
     CONCLUSION
          I. Amarāvatī: the Urban Monastery
          II. Transformation of Andhran Monastic Buddhism  (ca. 250–300 ce)
APPENDIX A
     1. Description of the West Gate of the Amarāvatī Stūpa: Extract from Walter Elliot’s Note Found with  Pencil Sketches, 1845
          2. Description of the North Gate of the Amarāvatī Stūpa: Extract from Walter Elliot’s Letter to Mr. Shaw, undated
Appendix B
     Early Historic Sites in Andhra Pradesh
APPENDIX C
     Amarāvatī inscriptions*
     BIBLIOGRAPHY
          Primary Sources
          Secondary Sources
     Index