Documentary and Stereotypes: Reducing Stigma through Factual Media

Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Author
List of Figures
Part I: Understanding Stereotypes
	Chapter 1: Prologue
		1.1 The Context
			1.1.1 Documentary and Society
			1.1.2 Stigma
			1.1.3 Stereotypes
		1.2 The Scope
			1.2.1 Objectives
			1.2.2 For Whom Is the Book Intended?
		1.3 The Methodology
			1.3.1 My Positionality
			1.3.2 Stereotypes and Spectatorship
		1.4 The Structure
		References
	Chapter 2: Why Do Stereotypes Exist?
		2.1 Introduction: Social Identity
		2.2 Social Categorisation
		2.3 Stereotypes
		2.4 Stereotype Properties
		2.5 Bottom-up and Top-down Stereotyping
		2.6 Stereotype Activation and Application
		2.7 Consequences of Stereotypes
		2.8 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3: Narrativising the Other
		3.1 Introduction: Mental and Media Stereotypes
		3.2 Folk Psychology
		3.3 Documentary Narratives
		3.4 Othering Discourses
		3.5 Othering in Documentary Narratives
		3.6 Social Distance
		3.7 False Empathy and Hyperempathy
		3.8 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Analysing Stereotypes
	Chapter 4: Types of Others
		4.1 Introduction: Classifying Media Stereotypes
		4.2 The Primitive Other
		4.3 The Incapable Other
		4.4 The Amoral Other
		4.5 The Victimised Other
		4.6 The Extra-capable Other
		4.7 Additive Combinations of Others
		4.8 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: The OIMDA Model
		5.1 Introduction: A Body of Media Texts
		5.2 The OIMDA Model
		5.3 Outgroup
		5.4 Ingroup
		5.5 Social Wrong
		5.6 Media Sampling
		5.7 Media Analysis
		5.8 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6: The OIMDA Model: Blindness Case Study
		6.1 Introduction: Context
		6.2 Outgroup
		6.3 Ingroup
		6.4 Social Wrong
		6.5 Media Sampling
		6.6 Media Analysis: Narrative Stereotypes
			6.6.1 Plot Structures
			6.6.2 Emotions
		6.7 Media Analysis: Aesthetic Stereotypes
		6.8 Media Analysis: Socio-Cultural Context
		6.9 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Reducing Stereotypes
	Chapter 7: Current Strategies
		7.1 Introduction: A Message-Centred Approach
		7.2 Visibility
		7.3 Incidentality
		7.4 Narrative Foregrounding
		7.5 Non-stereotypical Portrayals
		7.6 Positive Portrayals
		7.7 Exposing Stigma and Stereotypes
		7.8 Subverting Stigma and Stereotypes
		7.9 Outgroup Self-representation
		7.10 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 8: Perspective-Taking
		8.1 Introduction: Achieving Stereotype Reduction
		8.2 The Stereotype Reduction Model
		8.3 Perspective-Taking
		8.4 Materiality
		8.5 Materiality through Objects
		8.6 Materiality in the Home
		8.7 Materiality in the Past
		8.8 Everydayness
		8.9 Everydayness through Routines and Rituals
		8.10 Everydayness through Disruptions and Failures
		8.11 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 9: Cross-Categorisation
		9.1 Introduction: Multiple Categorisation
		9.2 Multiple Categorisation Configurations
		9.3 Surprising Category Combinations
		9.4 Case Study: The Gardeners of Kabul
		9.5 Less Distant Outgroups
		9.6 The Shared Ingroup Category
		9.7 Case Study: Africa with Ade Adepitan
		9.8 Extended Cross-Group Intimacy
		9.9 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 10: Recategorisation
		10.1 Introduction: The Common Ingroup
		10.2 The Common Ingroup Category
		10.3 The Universal Common Ingroup
		10.4 De-emphasising Differences
		10.5 The Dual Identity
		10.6 Precluding Ingroup Projection in Dual Identity
		10.7 Outgroups without Stigmatising Stereotypes
		10.8 Outgroups with Stigmatising Stereotypes
		10.9 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: Decategorisation
		11.1 Introduction: The Individual Identity
		11.2 Differentiation
		11.3 Differentiation by Ambiguity
		11.4 Differentiation by Contrast
		11.5 Personalisation
		11.6 Personalisation through Self-Other Comparison
		11.7 Personalisation through Self-disclosure
		11.8 The Filmmaker’s Perspective
		11.9 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 12: Epilogue
		12.1 Summary
		12.2 Condition and Risks
		12.3 Using Stigmatising Stereotypes
		12.4 Final Thoughts
		References
Media Index
Subject Index