Designing Physical Interaction Platforms (Markt- und Unternehmensentwicklung Markets and Organisations)

Foreword
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I Introduction: About This Dissertation
1 Motivation
	1.1 The Importance of Spaces for Physical Interaction
	1.2 Modern Physical Interaction Spaces
	1.3 A Review of Literature on PIPs
		1.3.1 Literature review: Innovation PIPs
		1.3.2 Literature Review: Workplace PIPs
		1.3.3 Literature Review: Retail PIPs
	1.4 Framing the Research Problem
	1.5 The Author’s Motivation for the Thesis
2 Research Questions
3 Research Paradigm and Research Design
	3.1 A Pragmatist Stance
	3.2 The Engaged-scholarship Approach
	3.3 Overall Research Design
		3.3.1 Part III: Starting from Scratch
		3.3.2 Part IV: From Scratchboard to Opening
		3.3.3 Part V: Managing Continuous Innovation
		3.3.4 Part VI: A Toolkit for Designing PIPs
4 Structure of the Thesis
Part II Theoretical Foundations: Key Concepts of This Dissertation
5 Objectives and Structure
6 Interaction as the Locus of Value Creation
	6.1 Service-Dominant-Logic as a Perspective on Value Creation
	6.2 Platforms as a Novel Perspective on Value Creation
7 Platforms and Platform Business Models
	7.1 A Definition of the Term Platform
	7.2 The Platform Business Model
	7.3 The Platform Lifecycle
8 Designing Platforms
	8.1 Strategies for Platform Design
	8.2 An Introduction to Design Theory
	8.3 Implications of Design Theory for Platform Design
9 Summary of Key Concepts
Part III Starting from Scratch: A Taxonomy to Identify Design Elements of PIPs
10 Objectives and Structure
11 Research Approach: Taxonomy Development
	11.1 Preliminary Instructions
	11.2 Taxonomy Development Process
	11.3 Evaluation Approach
12 Taxonomy Development Process
	12.1 Iteration 1: Conceptual to Empirical
	12.2 Iteration 2: Empirical to Conceptual
	12.3 Iteration 3: Conceptual to Empirical
	12.4 Iteration 4: Conceptual to Empirical
	12.5 Iteration 5: Empirical to Conceptual (Evaluation with Experts)
	12.6 Completion of the Iterative Development Process
13 The Taxonomy of Physical Interaction Platforms
	13.1 Physical Architecture
		13.1.1 Engagement
		13.1.2 Position
		13.1.3 Accessibility to the public
	13.2 Platform Actors
		13.2.1 Actor Segments
		13.2.2 Industry Focus
	13.3 Key Value Propositions
		13.3.1 Platform Role
		13.3.2 Core Activity
		13.3.3 Monetary Incentives (to Platform Actors)
		13.3.4 Non-monetary Incentives (to Platform Actors)
	13.4 Value creation
		13.4.1 Platform Ecosystem: Ecosystem Dimension
		13.4.2 Platform Ecosystem: Platform Sides
		13.4.3 Governance: Owner
		13.4.4 Governance: Intellectual Property Control
		13.4.5 Governance: Content Control
	13.5 Revenue Logic
		13.5.1 Profit Orientation
		13.5.2 Pricing Policy
		13.5.3 Revenue Mechanism
		13.5.4 Key Performance Indicator
14 Application of the PIP Taxonomy
	14.1 Illustrative Case: Open Innovation Lab
		14.1.1 Classification of Physical Architecture of the JOSEPHS OI Lab
		14.1.2 Classification of Platform Actors of the JOSEPHS OI Lab
		14.1.3 Classification of Key Value Propositions of the JOSEPHS OI Lab
		14.1.4 Classification of Value Creation of the JOSEPHS OI Lab
		14.1.5 Classification of Revenue Logic of the JOSEPHS OI Lab
	14.2 Illustrative Case: Co-working Space
		14.2.1 Classification of Physical Architecture of a WeWork Co-working Space
		14.2.2 Classification of Platform Actors of a WeWork Co-working Space
		14.2.3 Classification of Key Value Propositions of a WeWork Co-working Space
		14.2.4 Classification of Value Creation of a WeWork Co-working Space
		14.2.5 Classification of Revenue Logic of a WeWork Co-working Space
15 Discussion and Implications
16 Summary and Outlook
Part IV From Scratchboard to Opening: An Action Research Study to Explore the Design Process of PIPs
17 Objectives and Structure
18 Research Approach: Action Research
	18.1 The Case Context: The European Energy Forum (EUREF)
	18.2 The Case: Fraunhofer ENIQ
	18.3 Research Process
	18.4 Data Collection
19 First Action Research Cycle: Concept Development
	19.1 Diagnosis Phase
	19.2 Planning-action Phase
	19.3 Taking-action Phase
	19.4 Evaluating-action Phase
20 Second Action Research Cycle: Implementation
	20.1 Diagnosis Phase
		20.1.1 Ownership of the PIP
		20.1.2 Implementation
	20.2 Planning-action Phase
		20.2.1 Ownership of the PIP
		20.2.2 Implementation
	20.3 Taking-action Phase
		20.3.1 Ownership of the PIP
		20.3.2 Implementation
	20.4 Evaluating-action Phase
21 Discussion and Contributions
	21.1 Discussion: Crossing the Chasm in Building PIPs
	21.2 Contribution: A Structured Approach for Building PIPs
	21.3 Contribution: A Revised Process for Building PIPs
22 Summary and Outlook
Part V Managing Continuous Innovation: A Multiple-Case Study to Explore the Sustainable Innovation of PIPs
23 Objectives and Structure
24 Research Background
	24.1 The Effect of the COVID-19 Crisis on Retail
	24.2 Approaches for Tackling Crises
	24.3 Innovation and the COVID-19 Crisis
	24.4 Business Model Innovation
	24.5 Risks Associated with BMI
25 Research Approach: Multiple-Case Study
	25.1 Research Context
	25.2 Research Design
	25.3 Data Collection
	25.4 Data Analysis
	25.5 Case Descriptions
26 Findings
	26.1 Retailers Only Changed the Value Chain Element of Their Business Model to Persevere Through the Crisis
	26.2 Intensification or Improvisation: Two Approaches to Changing the Value Chain
	26.3 Changes Made to the Value Chain Were Not Sustainable and Purely Used to Overcome the Crisis
	26.4 Retailers in This Study Showed Difficulties in Implementing Innovation, Not Only Generating Ideas But Realising Them
27 Discussion and Implications
	27.1 Perseverance as Main Strategic Response to the COVID-19 Crisis
	27.2 No Complex Business Model Innovation Resulting from the COVID-19 Crisis
	27.3 Scarce Resources Limited the Retailers’ Ability to Innovate
	27.4 No Sustainable Innovation From the COVID-19 Crisis
	27.5 Managerial Implications
		27.5.1 Managerial Implications for Retail Innovation
		27.5.2 Design Principles for Sustainable PIP Design
28 Summary and Outlook
Part VI A Toolkit for Designing PIPs: An Action Research Study to Apply and Evaluate this Dissertation’s Insights
29 Objectives and Structure
30 The Toolkit for Designing PIPs
31 Research Approach
	31.1 Evaluation Approach: Action Research
	31.2 Evaluation Criteria
	31.3 The Action Research Context: Building a Future Retail Store
	31.4 Demonstration and Evaluation Process
	31.5 Data Collection
32 First Action Research Cycle
	32.1 Diagnosing Phase
	32.2 Planning-action Phase
	32.3 Taking-action Phase
	32.4 Evaluating-action Phase
33 Second Action Research Cycle
	33.1 Diagnosis Phase
	33.2 Planning-action Phase
	33.3 Taking-action Phase
	33.4 Evaluating-action Phase
34 Discussion and Implications
35 Summary and Outlook
Part VII Reflections and Conclusion: Designing Physical Interaction Platforms
36 Objectives and Structure
37 Summary of Parts I–VI
	37.1 Summary of Part I
	37.2 Summary of Part II
	37.3 Summary of Part III
	37.4 Summary of Part IV
	37.5 Summary of Part V
	37.6 Summary of Part VI
38 Limitations and Future Research
39 Final Reflection
References