Design and Fabrication of Large Polymer Constructions in Space

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Design and Fabrication of Large Polymer Constructions in Space
Design and Fabrication of Large Polymer Constructions in Space
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Contents
1 - Constructions in space
	1.1 First rockets, first satellites
	1.2 Payload capacity of past and present space launch systems
	1.3 Human flights
	1.4 Multi-crew member ships: Space Shuttle and Energia-Buran
	1.5 Space stations
	1.6 Why do we need a large space construction?
	1.7 Requirements for large space constructions
	1.8 Mechanical deployment
	1.9 Making in space
	1.10 Robots in space
2 - Inflatable structures
	2.1 History of inflatable structures
	2.2 Inflatable structures in space
		2.2.1 Echo reflector
		2.2.2 Inflatable airlock for Alexey Leonov
		2.2.3 Inflatable antenna experiment Model
		2.2.4 NASA inflatable antenna experiment (IAE)
		2.2.5 Bigelow habitat
	2.3 Inflatable structure projects
		2.3.1 Projects of ILC Dover
		2.3.2 Projects of L'Garde
		2.3.3 Other projects
	2.4 Folding methods
	2.5 Inflation methods and equipment
	2.6 Stability of an inflatable construction
	2.7 Advantages and limitations
	2.8 Rigidization of the inflatable construction
3 - Materials in the space environment
	3.1 Space factors for Low Earth Orbit, Geostationary Earth Orbit, and deep space missions
		3.1.1 Vacuum factor
		3.1.2 Space plasma factors
			3.1.2.1 Atomic oxygen
			3.1.2.2 Vacuum ultraviolet irradiation
			3.1.2.3 X-Rays and γ-rays
			3.1.2.4 High-energy particles
		3.1.3 Temperature factor
		3.1.4 Microgravity factor
		3.1.5 Meteorite factor
	3.2 Environmental factors on other planets
		3.2.1 The Moon
		3.2.2 Mars
	3.3 Space simulators
	3.4 Materials experiments in space environment and simulators
		3.4.1 Polyimide
		3.4.2 Polyethylene terephthalate
		3.4.3 Perfluorinated polymers
		3.4.4 Other polymers
		3.4.5 Epoxy resin composites
		3.4.6 Other materials
		3.4.7 Protective coatings on polymer against atomic oxygen in Low Earth Orbit
	3.5 Materials experiments in stratosphere
	3.6 Structural transformations in polymers under high-energy particles
	3.7 Chemical reactions in polymers exposed to radiation
	3.8 Material selection and standards
	3.9 Uncured materials in a free space environment
4 - Chemical curing of composite materials on Earth
	4.1 Epoxy resins
	4.2 Hardeners for epoxy resins
	4.3 Epoxy compositions for space applications
	4.4 Curing kinetics of epoxy resins
	4.5 Ultraviolet curing kinetics
5 - Chemical curing in a vacuum
6 - Chemical curing in plasma and ion beams
	6.1 Uncured solid epoxy resin in plasma
	6.2 Cured solid epoxy resin in plasma
	6.3 Liquid epoxy compositions in plasma
	6.4 Liquid ultraviolet-curable composition in plasma
	6.5 Mechanical properties of composite cured in plasma
7 - Chemical curing in temperature variations
8 - Chemical curing in flights
	8.1 Stratospheric flight experiments
		8.1.1 First stratospheric flight from Alice Springs in 2009
		8.1.2 Second stratospheric flight from adelaide in 2012
		8.1.3 Third stratospheric flight from Moscow region on Apr. 21, 2013
		8.1.4 Fourth and fifth stratospheric flights from Moscow region on Apr. 5 and 27, 2014
		8.1.5 Sixth stratospheric flight from Moscow region on Jun. 6, 2014
		8.1.6 Seventh, eighth and ninth stratospheric flights from Moscow region in Dec. 2014
		8.1.7 Tenth and eleventh stratospheric flights from Moscow region in 2016
	8.2 Space orbit flight experiments
	8.3 Ground facility for curing in simulated spaceflight environment
9 - Composite wall structures
	9.1 Selection of fibers and resins
	9.2 Prepreg winding
	9.3 Prepreg impregnation
	9.4 Wall structure
	9.5 Design of the construction
	9.6 Windows and docking elements
	9.7 Folding
	9.8 Storage requirements on the Earth
	9.9 Launch requirements
	9.10 Storage in orbit
	9.11 Deployment in space
10 - Curing process in Earth orbit
	10.1 Lagrange L2 point
	10.2 Earth orbits
	10.3 Moon orbit
	10.4 Mars orbit
	10.5 Venus orbit
	10.6 Construction on surface of other celestial bodies
		10.6.1 Curing on the moon’s surface
		10.6.2 Curing on surface of mars and other planets
	10.7 Optimization of orbital flight
11 - Evaluation of construction
	11.1 Evaluation of a construction on Earth
		11.1.1 Analysis of components
		11.1.2 Control of assembly, storage, and transportation of the construction on Earth
	11.2 Control of unfolding in orbit
	11.3 Control of curing in orbit
	11.4 Evaluation of cured construction
	11.5 Defect detection and healing
	11.6 Use of old constructions and materials
12 - Large space habitat
	12.1 Common systems for all crew missions
		12.1.1 Installation of thermal systems
		12.1.2 Installation of radiation protection
		12.1.3 Habitat architecture
		12.1.4 Installation of life support system
		12.1.5 Installation of energetic systems
		12.1.6 Installation of bioenvironment
		12.1.7 Artificial gravity
	12.2 Some examples of a large space habitat
		12.2.1 Orbital space station
		12.2.2 Orbital space factory
		12.2.3 Orbital space greenhouse
		12.2.4 Orbital communications station
		12.2.5 Space port
		12.2.6 Space hotel
		12.2.7 Spaceship for a trip in solar system
		12.2.8 Moon base
		12.2.9 Mars base
		12.2.10 Venus base
		12.2.11 Asteroid mining station
		12.2.12 Space colony for interstellar missions
13 . Supporting space structures
	13.1 Solar panels
	13.2 Thermal shields
	13.3 Large reflector
	13.4 Large solar sail
	13.5 Large antenna
	13.6 Technician set
	13.7 Space garage or hangar
	13.8 Rescue systems in space
14 - Ground infrastructure
	14.1 Cosmodrome structures
	14.2 Large-scale winding machines
	14.3 Packing (folding) machines
	14.4 Transport container
15 - Prospective finances and investment
	15.1 Cost of large space constructions
	15.2 Cost of research and development
	15.3 Customers
	15.4 Investment projects of space technologies
Bibliography
	References
Index
	A
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	D
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	F
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	H
	I
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	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	U
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	X
	Z
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