Democratic Design

Cover
Democratic Design
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction
	New Approach to Democracy for New Challenges
	A Focus on Design
	First- and Second-order Analysis
	The Democratic Design Framework
	Theory for Practice
	The Content of the Book
1: Approaches to Democracy
	Thinking about Democracy: Current Major Approaches
		Models of Democracy
		Liberal Democracy
		Normative Political Philosophy and Democracy
		Democratic Innovations
		Deliberative Democracy
		Pragmatic and Problem-based Approaches
	The Lessons to Be Learned and Carried Forward
	Conclusion
2: Design Thinking for Democracy
	Design, Political Theory, and Political Science
	Locating Design Thinking: What and When Is Design?
	Design Thinking: Key Features
	The Limits of Democratic Thinking, and the Resources of Design Thinking
	What Design Is Not
	Putting together, refining,
3: The Democratic Design Framework: Motivations and the Dual Core
	The Motivational Base 1: The Democratic Minimum
	The Motivational Base 2: Democratic Sensibility
	The Dual Core
	Practices: Institutionalized and Non-institutionalized
		Institutionalized Practices
		Non-institutionalized Practices
	Non-governing Practices
	The Practices Matrix
	Devices
	Political Principles
		Enacting Principles
		The Dynamics of Principles
		Limits to the Meanings of Principles
		Justifying Democratic Principles
	Conclusion
4: The Democratic Design Framework: Relational Elements and Guiding Precepts
	The Relational Elements
		Procedures and Proceduralism
		Procedural, Substantive, Epistemic
	Forming Democratic Procedures
		Sequencing
		Coupling and Connection
		Temporality and Flexibility
		Layering and Scaling
		Phasing
		Incentive Effects
	Guiding Design Precepts
		Systemic Design
		Reflexive Design
	Design Tailoring and Translation
	Conclusion
5: The Work of Democratic Design
	Design Agency: Who, and How Many, Design?
		Who Can Be a Democratic Designer?
		Democratic Design or Democratic Design?
		Democratic Design as a Process
		The Life of Designs
	Repertoires for Democratic Design
		Governing Institutionalized Practices
		Non-governing Institutionalized Practices
		Devices
	Political Principles: Choices and Dynamics
		The Dynamics of Principles: The Examples of Equality and Inclusion
		A Note on ‘Skewed’ Designs
	Conclusion
6: Design in Practice: An Illustration
	The Step-by-step Guide to Democratic Design
	Participation and Engagement in the United Kingdom
		Identify and define the territorial or functional unit, network or community for the design work
		Identify the set of democratic principles (required and ordering) to be realized or enhanced: (a) required principles in the light of the demands of the democratic minimum and (b) ordering principles in the light of the specific democratic challenges or problems to be addressed or prioritized
		Consider whether the nature of the design context calls for institutional, part-systemic or whole-systemic design
		Consider the initial constraints and opportunities of context
	The Connected Democracy UK model
		Central Horizontal Procedure
		Local and City Horizontal Procedure
		Design Phasing
		Legislative Facilitation for Connected Democracy
		Wider Facilitative Devices
	Enacting the Principles
	Considering Perspectives
	Responding to Context: Radical, Incremental?
	Life of the Design?
	Conclusion
Conclusion
	Using the Democratic Design Framework
Bibliography
Index