Cooperatives and Social Innovation: Experiences from the Asia Pacific Region

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Cooperatives and Social Innovation: Experiences from the Asia Pacific Region
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 What is Social Innovation?
	1.3 Cooperatives and Social Innovation
	1.4 Social Innovations in Cooperatives in the Asia Pacific Region
	1.5 Towards a Conclusion
	References
2 Concept and Theories of Social Innovation
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Social Innovation: Tracing the Evolution of the Concept
	2.3 Research on Social Innovation
	2.4 Theories of Social Innovation
	2.5 Concept of Social innovation—An Evolutionary Perspective
	2.6 Conclusions
	References
3 Cooperatives and Social Innovation
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Cooperative as a Social Enterprise
	3.3 Cooperatives and Social Innovation
	3.4 The Asia Pacific Scenario
	3.5 Conclusion
	References
4 Health Insurance as Social Innovation for Farmers in Cooperatives: Lessons from Yeshasvini in Karnataka, India
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Awareness on Yeshasvini
		4.2.1 Who Provided Awareness?
		4.2.2 How Was the Information Provided?
		4.2.3 How Were Households Motivated?
		4.2.4 Level of Awareness
	4.3 Enrolment
		4.3.1 Membership Among Different Categories
		4.3.2 Membership Among Household Members
	4.4 Utilisation
		4.4.1 Welfare Loss
	4.5 Conclusions
	References
5 Community-Based Tourism Through Cooperatives in Sabah, Malaysia
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Methodology
	5.2 Literature Review
		5.2.1 Community-Based Tourism (CBT) Through Cooperative Business Model
		5.2.2 Success Factors of Cooperatives
	5.3 Results and Discussion
		5.3.1 The Background of the Tourism Cooperatives
		5.3.2 The Growth in Downstream Tourism Activities
		5.3.3 The Growth of Incomes
	5.4 Factors Influencing Performance of Cooperatives
		5.4.1 The Internal Factors
		5.4.2 External Factors
	5.5 Conclusion
	References
6 Failed Market-Oriented Society and Working Co-ops’ Biodiesel-Based Food Systems After the Great East Japan Earthquake
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Biodiesel in the Tohoku Region
	6.3 Fuel Shortages After the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Delivery of Relief Goods in the Iwate Prefecture
	6.4 Biodiesel for the Delivery of Relief Goods
	6.5 Difficulties with Biodiesel in a Disaster Situation
	6.6 Discussion
	6.7 Conclusion
	References
7 Role of Cooperatives in Climate Smart Agriculture
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Objectives and Methodology
	7.3 Profile of the Sample Villages
	7.4 Perception of Climate Change
	7.5 Adaptation Measures Undertaken by Farmers
	7.6 Role of Cooperatives
	7.7 Conclusions and Policy Implications
	References
8 Social Media as an Effective Tool for Social Innovation in Indian Cooperatives
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Social Innovation and Social Media
	8.3 Cooperatives in India: Spread and Social Innovation
	8.4 Communication Strategies for Cooperatives and Social Media
	8.5 Social Media for Social Innovation: Potentialities for Cooperatives
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
9 A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of PHCCI Summer Youth Program Tutees Turned Lab Coop Officers
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Methodology
	9.3 Results
		9.3.1 PHCCI Tutee-Friendly Summer GR.O.W.T.H Program
		9.3.2 PHCCI Kiddy and Y.E.S Laboratory Cooperative
		9.3.3 Lived Experiences
	9.4 Discussion
	9.5 Conclusions
	References
10 Cooperative and Social Innovation in Finance—A Case Study of Mann Deshi Mahila Sahkari Bank
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Objectives and Research Methodology
	10.3 Social Innovation
	10.4 Mann Deshi Mahila Sahkari Bank and Its Social Orientation
		10.4.1 Product Innovation by Mann Deshi Bank
		10.4.2 Analysis of Product Cost of Mann Deshi Bank
		10.4.3 Other Socially/Financially Viable Innovations by the Bank/Foundation
	10.5 Impact Analysis of Innovative Weekly Market Cash Credit Product
	10.6 Concluding Observations
	References
11 Cooperative Sector Grading—A Social Innovation in Finance
	11.1 Social Innovation
	11.2 The Context—National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL) and Present Arrangement of Rating
	11.3 Cooperatives
	11.4 Cooperative Grading in India
	11.5 The Rating Methodology
		11.5.1 Measurement of Key Rating Factors
		11.5.2 The Key Rating Factors Explained
		11.5.3 Benefits of Performance and Credit Rating
	11.6 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
12 Social Innovations in Organic Foods in Rainfed India: The Case of Dharani FaM Coop Ltd.
	12.1 Social Innovation and Collective Experimentation
	12.2 Evolution of Dharani
		12.2.1 Anantapuram and Agrarian Crisis
		12.2.2 The Genesis
	12.3 Dharani FaM Coop—A Farmer-Owned Collective Enterprise
	12.4 Social Innovations in Dharani’s Model
		12.4.1 Organizational Model and Governance
		12.4.2 Production Processes—Proper Guidance Through Extension Services
		12.4.3 PGS Certification—A True Social Innovation
		12.4.4 Pricing, Procurement and Patronage
		12.4.5 Processing
		12.4.6 Brand Building, Ethical Marketing and Supply Chain
		12.4.7 Finance Models and Cash Flows
	12.5 Social Innovation and Organic Foods: Some Lessons from the Dharani Cooperative
	References
13 Social Innovative Enterprises: Ubiquitous Cooperatives in the State of Tamil Nadu, India
	13.1 Introduction
		13.1.1 Objectives of the Study
		13.1.2 Methodology
	13.2 Industrial Cooperative (INDCO) Tea Factories in Nilgiris District
		13.2.1 Profile
		13.2.2 Formation of INDCO Tea Factories
		13.2.3 Performance, Objectives, Functions and Management of INDCOSERVE
		13.2.4 The Main Areas of Business
		13.2.5 New Product Launch—Ooty Tea
		13.2.6 Achievements
		13.2.7 Sustenance and Social Innovation of the Cooperative Tea Factories
	13.3 Erode Agricultural Producers Cooperative Marketing Society Limited (EAPCMS), Tamil Nadu
		13.3.1 Business Functioning of EAPCMS
		13.3.2 Produce Pledge Loan
		13.3.3 Linking of Credit with Marketing
		13.3.4 Working Results
		13.3.5 Social Innovation of the Cooperative
	13.4 Members’ Opinion and Conclusions
	References
14 The Commitment of Cooperative Workers to the Movement: The Case of Japanese Consumers Co-op
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Commitment of Cooperative Workers to the Merchandise Development
	14.3 Why Were Japanese Consumer Cooperatives Able to Popularise Their Own Private Brands?
		14.3.1 What is “CO-OP Mix Carrot”?
		14.3.2 Role of Cooperative Workers in Product Development
		14.3.3 Role of co-op Workers: Building Trust Relationship with Manufacturers
	14.4 How to Enhance the co-op Workers’ Motivations?
		14.4.1 “Chatting Party” and “Han” System
		14.4.2 “Chatting Party” at F-coop
		14.4.3 Interaction Between co-op Workers and Members Through Party Report
	14.5 Conclusion
	References
15 Worker Cooperatives: A Social Innovation to the Issue of Contractualization in the Philippines
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Theoretical Underpinnings of Worker Cooperatives
	15.3 Analysis
		15.3.1 Contextualization of Worker Cooperatives and Contractualization in the Philippines
		15.3.2 Stakeholders’ Analysis
		15.3.3 Benefits
		15.3.4 Social Capital and Empowerment Through Participation
	15.4 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
16 Creating Space for Women Leadership and Participation Through Innovative Strategies: A Case of Tribal women’s Dairy Cooperatives in Gujarat
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 The History Behind the Women’s Cooperative Movement
		16.2.1 Developing Women Dairy Cooperatives
	16.3 Innovative Efforts to Bring Gender Equity
		16.3.1 Generating Sensitivity and Conscious Efforts Towards Women Participation
		16.3.2 Gender-Sensitive Policies
	16.4 Innovative Strategies
	16.5 Findings
	16.6 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
17 Democratizing Capital: Building Union Coop Partnerships Through Economically Targeted Investing and Crowdfunding Innovations
	17.1 Workers’ Capital: Promising Tool of Social Innovation
	17.2 Constraints on Workers’ Capital: Historic Policy Obstacles to Social Impact Investing in the USA
	17.3 Putting Workers’ Capital to Work: The Rise of Socially Responsible Investing
	17.4 The Equity Crowdfunding Revolution
		17.4.1 Educate Workers About Crowdfunding
		17.4.2 Certify Unionized Crowdfund Advisors
		17.4.3 Establish a Union-Sponsored Crowdfund Portal
		17.4.4 Provide Technical Assistance to Worker Cooperatives
	17.5 Conclusion
	References
18 Asia Pacific Cooperatives Responding to Covid-19 Crisis
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Crisis Response by Cooperatives
	18.3 The Covid-19 Crisis
	18.4 Response by Cooperatives in Asia Pacific Region
	18.5 Case Examples
		18.5.1 Indian Farmers Fertiliser Co-operative (IFFCO)
		18.5.2 Uralungal Labour Contract Cooperative Society (ULCCS)
	18.6 Analysis and Conclusion
	References
19 Cooperatives and Social Innovation: Conclusions and the Way Forward
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Chapter-Wise Conclusions
	19.3 Overall Conclusions
	19.4 Further Research and Policy Advocacy
	References