Conflicts, Religion and Culture in Tourism

Cover
Conflicts, Religion and
Culture in Tourism
C
Contributors
1: Introduction to Conflicts; Religion and Culture in Tourism
     Introduction
     Theory of Religious Tourism
     Religious Pilgrimage in a Conflict Region
     Structure of the Book
          Part I: Conflict ReligionCulture and Tourism
          Part II: (Re)Claiming Space – Modern Reinstatements of Religion and Pilgrimage
          Part III: Understanding ‘Other’: Conflicts Challenges and Issues
     References
Part I: Conflict Religion Culture and Tourism
     2: Consciousness in Conflict
          Introduction
          Tourism’s Need for Intellectual Openness
               Illuminating darklight tourism
               Travel is the image of the age(s)
                    Indoctritainment
                    Orthopraxy
                    Mythopolitics
                    Tourism’s misused mandate of understanding
          Conclusion
          References
     3: Defamation of Religion and Freedom of Speech
          Introduction
          The Concept of Religion
          Nature of the Conflict
          Violence Originated from the Conflict: Religious Terrorism
               Danish cartoon incident
               Charlie Hebdo attack
               Copenhagen shooting
          Nature of Religious Terrorism
          The Dilemma of Religious Sentiment and Free Speech
          Conclusion
          References
     4: Imagining the Contours of Culture: Is Religious Tourism a Precondition for Conflict?
          Introduction
               Religion and Conflict: A State of the Art
          Conflict in Religious Tourism
          Can Faith Fix Violence?
          Conclusion
          References
     5: The Essence of Community Cohesion through Religious Tolerance
          Introduction
          Religion
          Age of Conflict in the 21st Century
          The Present State of Conflict within Religious Communities
          Islam and the Idea of Community Cohesion: Lessons from Past History
               Interfaith cohesion
          Istanbul Model: Ottomans Inspiration from Early Islam and Community Cohesion
          Delhi Model
          Rethinking the Role of Mosques in Promoting Community Cohesion
          Conclusion
          References
Part II: (Re)Claiming Space – Modern Reinstatements of Religion and Pilgrimage
     6: Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage in a Non-religious Country: The Czech Republic
          Introduction
          Secularization – A Threat fo;Religious Tourism?
          The Development of Religion and Pilgrimage Tradition in Czech Lands
          Contemporary Forms of Religiosity and Secularization in the Czech Republic
          The Contemporary Shape ofPilgrimage and Religious Tourism in the Czech Republic
               Traditional pilgrimage sites of importance in Moravia
               Traditional pilgrimage sites of importance in Bohemia
          Pilgrimage Sites with BrokenPilgrimage Tradition
          Conclusion
          References
     7: Pilgrimage, Cultural Landscape and Tourism in the Heritization of Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki
          Introduction
          Registration on the World Heritage Tentative List
          Presentation of the Candidate in the Nomination Process
          The Promoters of Churches and Christian-related Sites
          Creation of ‘Nagasaki Pilgrimage’
          Shifts from Tangible to Intangible Elements – The Legacy of the Hidden Christians
          Evaluating the Authenticity and Integration of Hidden Christian Sacred Places
          Conflicts Initiated by the Top-down Evaluation Process
          Conclusion
          Notes
          References
     8: Claiming Territory: The Role of Pilgrimage in the Struggle for a Re-Christianization of Sweden
          Introduction
          Narratives and Counter-narratives of Lund
          Counter-mapping Sweden and
Europe
          Conclusion
          References
     9: Cuba and Its Christian Roots: A Case for Understanding Religious Tourism
          Introduction
               Understanding Religious Tourism as the Roots of Hospitality
          Religious Core of Hospitality
          The Concept of Sacredness as Attraction
          Towards an Understanding of
Religious Tourism
          Cuba as a Religious Tourism
Destination
          Conclusion
          References
Part III: Understanding ‘Other’: Conflicts, Challenges and Issues
     10: Visiting Graves, Tombs and Shrines in Islamic Law
          Introduction
          The Burial of the Dead and the Structure of Graves in the Islamic Tradition
          The Visit of Graves During the Time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUM)
          The Ruling on Visiting Tombs and Shrines
          Visiting the Tombs of Prophets and Saints/Pious People
          Undertaking a Journey to Visit Tombs and Graves
          Practices of Ziyara in the Muslim World
          Proper Etiquette of Visiting Graves
          Conclusion
          References
     11: Religious Spaces as Discrete Systems: The Case of Ayodhya, India
          Introduction
          Understanding Discrete Systems in Temporal Spaces
          Changing Socio-SpatialPhenomenon: The Story So Far
          Discussion
          Conclusion
          References
     12: Halal Tourism: The Case of Turkey
          Introduction
          Halal Tourism: Definition andConceptual Context
          The Factors of Growing Interest in Halal Tourism
          International Halal Tourism Market
          The Case of Turkey as a Halal Tourism Destination
          Conclusion
          References
     13: Kosher Tourism: A Case Study from Greece
          Introduction
          Constraints on Food Consumption Imposed by Religion
          ReligionFood Choices andRegulations and Tourism
          Management of Religious Dietary Restrictions
          Jewish Tourists in Greece
               Survey methodology
               Τhe case study
               Behaviour observation
               Guests
               Hotel staff
          Conclusion
          Notes
          References
     14: War and Cultural Heritage: The Case of Religious Monuments
          Introduction
          Culture as a ‘Target’
          The Protection of Cultural–Religious Heritage
          The Framework of Protection
               In times of peace
               In times of war–armed conflicts
               International criminal jurisdiction
          UNESCO’s Actions during Times of Armed Conflict
          Case Studies
               Former Yugoslavia
               Cyprus
               Syria
          The Dire Reality
          Conclusion
          Acknowledgement
          Notes
          References
     15: Discussion Points
Index