Concise Guide to Software Engineering: From Fundamentals to Application Methods

Preface
	Overview
	Organization and Features
	Audience
	Acknowledgments
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Fundamentals of Software Engineering
	Abstract
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 What is Software Engineering?
	1.3 Challenges in Software Engineering
	1.4 Software Processes and Lifecycles
		1.4.1 Waterfall Lifecycle
		1.4.2 Spiral Lifecycles
		1.4.3 Rational Unified Process
		1.4.4 Agile Development
		1.4.5 Continuous Software Development
	1.5 Activities in Software Development
		1.5.1 Requirements Definition
		1.5.2 Design
		1.5.3 Implementation
		1.5.4 Software Testing
		1.5.5 Support and Maintenance
	1.6 Software Inspections
	1.7 Software Project Management
	1.8 CMMI Maturity Model
	1.9 Formal Methods
	1.10 Review Questions
	1.11 Summary
	References
2 Professional Responsibility of Software Engineers
	Abstract
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 What is a Code of Ethics?
		2.2.1 Role of a Whistle Blower
	2.3 IEEE Code of Ethics
	2.4 British Computer Society Code of Conduct
	2.5 ACM Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics
	2.6 Precautionary Principle
	2.7 Review Questions
	2.8 Summary
3 Ethical Software Engineering
	Abstract
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Safety and Ethics
		3.2.1 Therac-25 Disaster
		3.2.2 Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
	3.3 Ethical Project Management
	3.4 Ethical Software Design and Development
		3.4.1 Volkswagen Emissions Scandal
	3.5 Ethical Software Testing
	3.6 Review Questions
	3.7 Summary
4 Software Project Management
	Abstract
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Project Start Up and Initiation
	4.3 Estimation
		4.3.1 Estimation Techniques
		4.3.2 Work Breakdown Structure
	4.4 Project Planning and Scheduling
	4.5 Risk Management
	4.6 People Management in Projects
	4.7 Quality Management in Projects
	4.8 Project Monitoring and Control
	4.9 Managing Issues and Change Requests
	4.10 Remote Project Management
	4.11 Outsourcing
	4.12 Project Board and Governance
	4.13 Project Reporting
	4.14 Project Closure
	4.15 Prince 2 Methodology
	4.16 Project Manager Professional
	4.17 Project Management Office
	4.18 Program Management
	4.19 Project Portfolio Management
	4.20 Project Management in the Agile World
	4.21 Review Questions
	4.22 Summary
	References
5 Requirements Engineering
	Abstract
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Requirements Process
		5.2.1 Requirements Elicitation and Specification
		5.2.2 Requirements Analysis
		5.2.3 Requirements Verification and Validation
		5.2.4 Requirements Management
		5.2.5 Requirements Traceability
	5.3 System Modelling
	5.4 Requirements Definition in the Agile World
	5.5 Review Questions
	5.6 Summary
	References
6 Software Design and Development
	Abstract
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Architecture Design
	6.3 Low-Level Design and Development
		6.3.1 Function-Oriented Design
		6.3.2 Object-Oriented Design
		6.3.3 User-Interface Design
		6.3.4 Open-Source Development
		6.3.5 Customized-off-the-Shelf Software
		6.3.6 Software Reuse
		6.3.7 Design Patterns
		6.3.8 Object-Oriented Programming
	6.4 Software Maintenance and Evolution
	6.5 Software Design and Development in the Agile World
	6.6 Review Questions
	6.7 Summary
	References
7 Software Inspections
	Abstract
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Economic Benefits of Software Inspections
	7.3 Informal Reviews
	7.4 Structured Walkthrough
	7.5 Semi-formal Review Meeting
	7.6 Fagan Inspections
		7.6.1 Fagan Inspection Guidelines
		7.6.2 Inspectors and Roles
		7.6.3 Inspection Entry Criteria
		7.6.4 Preparation
		7.6.5 The Inspection Meeting
		7.6.6 Inspection Exit Criteria
		7.6.7 Issue Severity
		7.6.8 Defect Type
	7.7 Automated Software Inspections
	7.8 Review Questions
	7.9 Summary
	References
8 Software Testing
	Abstract
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Test Process
	8.3 Test Planning
	8.4 Test Case Design and Definition
	8.5 Test Execution
	8.6 Test Reporting and Project Sign-Off
	8.7 Testing and Quality Improvement
	8.8 Traceability of Requirements
	8.9 Test Tools
	8.10 E-Commerce Testing
	8.11 Testing in the Agile World
	8.12 Review Questions
	8.13 Summary
9 Ethics and Privacy
	Abstract
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Business Ethics
	9.3 What is Computer Ethics?
		9.3.1 Ethical Problems in Computing
		9.3.2 The Ethical Software Engineer
		9.3.3 Ethics in Data Science
	9.4 Privacy
		9.4.1 Social Media
			9.4.1.1 Data Analytics for Social Media
		9.4.2 Internet of Things
		9.4.3 AI and Facial Recognition
		9.4.4 Privacy and the Law
		9.4.5 EU GDPR Privacy Law
	9.5 Review Questions
	9.6 Summary
	References
10 Software Metrics and Problem Solving
	Abstract
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 The Goal Question Metric Paradigm
	10.3 The Balanced Scorecard
	10.4 Metrics for an Organization
		10.4.1 Customer Satisfaction Metrics
		10.4.2 Process Improvement Metrics
		10.4.3 Human Resources and Training Metrics
		10.4.4 Project Management Metrics
		10.4.5 Development Quality Metrics
		10.4.6 Quality Audit Metrics
		10.4.7 Customer Care Metrics
		10.4.8 Miscellaneous Metrics
	10.5 Implementing a Metrics Program
		10.5.1 Data Gathering for Metrics
	10.6 Problem-Solving Techniques
		10.6.1 Fishbone Diagram
		10.6.2 Histograms
		10.6.3 Pareto Chart
		10.6.4 Trend Graphs
		10.6.5 Scatter Graphs
		10.6.6 Metrics and Statistical Process Control
	10.7 Review Questions
	10.8 Summary
	References
11 Supplier Selection and Management
	Abstract
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Planning and Requirements
	11.3 Identifying Suppliers
	11.4 Prepare and Issue RFP
	11.5 Evaluate Proposals and Select Supplier
	11.6 Formal Agreement
	11.7 Managing the Supplier
	11.8 Acceptance of Software
	11.9 Rollout and Customer Support
	11.10 Ethical Software Outsourcing
	11.11 Legal Breach of Contact
	11.12 Review Questions
	11.13 Summary
12 Configuration Management
	Abstract
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Configuration Management System
		12.2.1 Identify Configuration Items
		12.2.2 Document Control Management
		12.2.3 Source Code Control Management
		12.2.4 Configuration Management Plan
	12.3 Change Control
	12.4 Configuration Management Audits
	12.5 Review Questions
	12.6 Summary
13 Software Quality Assurance
	Abstract
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Audit Planning
	13.3 Audit Meeting
	13.4 Audit Reporting
	13.5 Follow Up Activity
	13.6 Audit Escalation
	13.7 Review of Audit Activities
	13.8 Other Audits
	13.9 Review Questions
	13.10 Summary
14 Agile Methodology
	Abstract
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Scrum Methodology
	14.3 User Stories
	14.4 Estimation in Agile
	14.5 Test Driven Development
	14.6 Pair Programming
	14.7 Review Questions
	14.8 Summary
	Reference
15 Software Reliability and Dependability
	Abstract
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Software Reliability
		15.2.1 Software Reliability and Defects
		15.2.2 Cleanroom Methodology
		15.2.3 Software Reliability Models
	15.3 Dependability
	15.4 Computer Security
	15.5 System Availability
	15.6 Safety Critical Systems
	15.7 Review Questions
	15.8 Summary
	References
16 Formal Methods
	Abstract
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Why Should We Use Formal Methods?
	16.3 Applications of Formal Methods
	16.4 Tools for Formal Methods
	16.5 Approaches to Formal Methods
		16.5.1 Model-Oriented Approach
		16.5.2 Axiomatic Approach
	16.6 Proof and Formal Methods
	16.7 The Future of Formal Methods
	16.8 The Vienna Development Method
	16.9 VDM♣, the Irish School of VDM
	16.10 The Z Specification Language
	16.11 The B Method
	16.12 Predicate Transformers and Weakest Preconditions
	16.13 The Process Calculii
	16.14 Finite State Machines
	16.15 The Parnas Way
	16.16 Usability of Formal Methods
		16.16.1 Why are Formal Methods Difficult?
		16.16.2 Characteristics of a Usable Formal Method
	16.17 Review Questions
	16.18 Summary
	References
17 Z Specification Language
	Abstract
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Sets
	17.3 Relations
	17.4 Functions
	17.5 Sequences
	17.6 Bags
	17.7 Schemas and Schema Composition
	17.8 Reification and Decomposition
	17.9 Proof in Z
	17.10 Review Questions
	17.11 Summary
	References
18 Unified Modelling Language
	Abstract
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Overview of UML
	18.3 UML Diagrams
	18.4 Object Constraint Language
	18.5 Tools for UML
	18.6 Rational Unified Process
	18.7 Review Questions
	18.8 Summary
	References
19 Software Process Improvement
	Abstract
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 What is a Software Process?
	19.3 What is Software Process Improvement?
	19.4 Benefits of Software Process Improvement
	19.5 Software Process Improvement Models
	19.6 Process Mapping
	19.7 Process Improvement Initiatives
	19.8 Barriers to Success
	19.9 Setting Up an Improvement Initiative
	19.10 Appraisals
	19.11 Review Questions
	19.12 Summary
	References
20 Capability Maturity Model Integration
	Abstract
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 The CMMI
	20.3 CMMI Maturity Levels
		20.3.1 CMMI Representations
	20.4 Categories of CMMI Processes
	20.5 CMMI Process Areas
	20.6 Components of CMMI Process Areas
	20.7 SCAMPI Appraisals
	20.8 Review Questions
	20.9 Summary
	References
21 Software Engineering Tools
	Abstract
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Tools for Project Management
	21.3 Tools for Requirements
	21.4 Tools for Design and Development
	21.5 Tools for Agile Development
	21.6 Tools for Configuration Management and Change Control
	21.7 Tools for Code Analysis and Code Inspections
	21.8 Tools for Testing
	21.9 Review Questions
	21.10 Summary
	References
22 A Miscellany of Innovation
	Abstract
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Distributed Systems
	22.3 Service-Oriented Architecture
	22.4 Software as a Service
	22.5 Cloud Computing
	22.6 Embedded Systems
	22.7 Software Engineering and Innovation
		22.7.1 Aspect-Oriented Software Engineering
	22.8 Review Questions
	22.9 Summary
	References
23 Legal Aspects of Software Engineering
	Abstract
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Intellectual Property
		23.2.1 Patents
		23.2.2 Copyright
		23.2.3 Copyright of Software
		23.2.4 Software Licensing
	23.3 Lawsuits
		23.3.1 Tort in Software Engineering
		23.3.2 Software Licenses and Failure
		23.3.3 Legal Aspects of Outsourcing
	23.4 Computer Crime
	23.5 Review Questions
	23.6 Summary
	Reference
24 Cybersecurity and Cybercrime
	Abstract
	24.1 Introduction
		24.1.1 Scams
		24.1.2 Malware
		24.1.3 Cyberextortion and Ransomware
	24.2 Hacking
	24.3 Cybersecurity
	24.4 Review Questions
	24.5 Summary
	References
25 Epilogue
	Abstract
	25.1 The Future of Software Engineering
Glossary
Index