Computer Graphics Programming in OpenGL with C++

Cover
Half-Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
	What’s New in this Edition
	Intended Audience
	How to Use This Book
	Acknowledgments
	About the Authors
Chapter 1: Getting Started
	1.1 Languages and Libraries
		1.1.1 C++
		1.1.2 OpenGL / GLSL
		1.1.3 Window Management
		1.1.4 Extension Library
		1.1.5 Math Library
		1.1.6 Texture Management
		1.1.7 Optional Libraries
	1.2 Installation and Configuration
Chapter 2: The OpenGL Graphics Pipeline
	2.1 The OpenGL Pipeline
		2.1.1 C++/OpenGL Application
		2.1.2 Vertex and Fragment Shaders
		2.1.3 Tessellation
		2.1.4 Geometry Shader
		2.1.5 Rasterization
		2.1.6 Fragment Shader
		2.1.7 Pixel Operations
	2.2 Detecting OpenGL and GLSL Errors
	2.3 Reading GLSL Source Code from Files
	2.4 Building Objects from Vertices
	2.5 Animating a Scene
	2.6 Organizing the C++ Code Files
Chapter 3: Mathematical Foundations
	3.1 3D Coordinate Systems
	3.2 Points
	3.3 Matrices
	3.4 Transformation Matrices
		3.4.1 Translation
		3.4.2 Scaling
		3.4.3 Rotation
	3.5 Vectors
		3.5.1 Uses for Dot Product
		3.5.2 Uses for Cross Product
	3.6 Local and World Space
	3.7 Eye Space and the Synthetic Camera
	3.8 Projection Matrices
		3.8.1 The Perspective Projection Matrix
		3.8.2 The Orthographic Projection Matrix
	3.9 Look-At Matrix
	3.10 GLSL Functions for Building Matrix Transforms
Chapter 4: Managing 3D Graphics Data
	4.1 Buffers and Vertex Attributes
	4.2 Uniform Variables
	4.3 Interpolation of Vertex Attributes
	4.4 Model-View and Perspective Matrices
	4.5 Our First 3D Program – a 3D Cube
	4.6 Rendering Multiple Copies of an Object
		4.6.1 Instancing
	4.7 Rendering Multiple Different Models in a Scene
	4.8 Matrix Stacks
	4.9 Combating " Z-Fighting" Artifacts
	4.10 Other Options for Primitives
	4.11 Coding for Performance
		4.11.1 Minimizing Dynamic Memory Allocation
		4.11.2 Pre-Computing the Perspective Matrix
		4.11.3 Back-Face Culling
Chapter 5: Texture Mapping
	5.1 Loading Texture Image Files
	5.2 Texture Coordinates
	5.3 Creating a Texture Object
	5.4 Constructing Texture Coordinates
	5.5 Loading Texture Coordinates into Buffers
	5.6 Using the Texture in a Shader: Sampler Variables and Texture Units
	5.7 Texture Mapping: Example Program
	5.8 Mipmapping
	5.9 Anisotropic Filtering
	5.10 Wrapping and Tiling
	5.11 Perspective Distortion
	5.12 Textures – Additional OpenGL Details
Chapter 6: 3D Models
	6.1 Procedural Models – Building a Sphere
	6.2 OpenGL Indexing – Building a Torus
		6.2.1 The Torus
		6.2.2 Indexing in OpenGL
	6.3 Loading Externally Produced Models
Chapter 7: Lighting
	7.1 Lighting Models
	7.2 Lights
	7.3 Materials
	7.4 ADS Lighting Computations
	7.5 Implementing ADS Lighting
		7.5.1 Gouraud Shading
		7.5.2 Phong Shading
	7.6 Combining Lighting and Textures
Chapter 8: Shadows
	8.1 The Importance of Shadows
	8.2 Projective Shadows
	8.3 Shadow Volumes
	8.4 Shadow Mapping
		8.4.1 Shadow Mapping (PASS ONE) – "Draw" Objects from Light Position
		8.4.2 Shadow Mapping (Intermediate Step) – Copying the Z-Buffer to a Texture
		8.4.3 Shadow Mapping (PASS TWO) – Rendering the Scene with Shadows
	8.5 A Shadow Mapping Example
	8.6 Shadow Mapping Artifacts
	8.7 Soft Shadows
		8.7.1 Soft Shadows in the Real World
		8.7.2 Generating Soft Shadows – Percentage Closer Filtering (PCF)
		8.7.3 A Soft Shadow/PCF Program
Chapter 9: Sky and Backgrounds
	9.1 Skyboxes
	9.2 Skydomes
	9.3 Implementing a Skybox
		9.3.1 Building a Skybox from Scratch
		9.3.2 Using OpenGL Cube Maps
	9.4 Environment Mapping
Chapter 10: Enhancing Surface Detail
	10.1 Bump Mapping
	10.2 Normal Mapping
	10.3 Height Mapping
Chapter 11: Parametric Surfaces
	11.1 Quadratic Bézier Curves
	11.2 Cubic Bézier Curves
	11.3 Quadratic Bézier Surfaces
	11.4 Cubic Bézier Surfaces
Chapter 12: Tessellation
	12.1 Tessellation in OpenGL
	12.2 Tessellation for Bézier Surfaces
	12.3 Tessellation for Terrain / Height Maps
	12.4 Controlling Level of Detail (LOD)
Chapter 13: Geometry Shaders
	13.1 Per-Primitive Processing in OpenGL
	13.2 Altering Primitives
	13.3 Deleting Primitives
	13.4 Adding Primitives
	13.5 Changing Primitive Types
Chapter 14: Other Techniques
	14.1 Fog
	14.2 Compositing / Blending / Transparency
	14.3 User-Defined Clipping Planes
	14.4 3D Textures
	14.5 Noise
	14.6 Noise Application – Marble
	14.7 Noise Application – Wood
	14.8 Noise Application – Clouds
	14.9 Noise Application – Special Effects
Chapter 15: Simulating Water
	15.1 Pool Surface and Floor Geometry Setup
	15.2 Adding Surface Reflection and Refraction
	15.3 Adding Surface Waves
	15.4 Additional Corrections
	15.5 Animating the Water Movement
	15.6 Underwater Caustics
Chapter 16: Ray Tracing and Compute Shaders
	16.1 Compute Shaders
		16.1.1 Compiling and Using Compute Shaders
		16.1.2 Parallel Computing in Compute Shaders
		16.1.3 Work Groups
		16.1.4 Work Group Details
		16.1.5 Work Group Limitations
	16.2 Ray Casting
		16.2.1 Defining the 2D Texture Image
		16.2.2 Building and Displaying the Ray Cast Image
		16.2.3 Ray-Sphere Intersection
		16.2.4 Axis-Aligned Ray-Box Intersection
		16.2.5 Output of Simple Ray Casting Without Lighting
		16.2.6 Adding ADS Lighting
		16.2.7 Adding Shadows
		16.2.8 Non-Axis-Aligned Ray-Box Intersection
		16.2.9 Determining Texture Coordinates
		16.2.10 Plane Intersection and Procedural Textures
	16.3 Ray Tracing
		16.3.1 Reflection
		16.3.2 Refraction
		16.3.3 Combining Reflection, Refraction, and Textures
		16.3.4 Increasing the Number of Rays
		16.3.5 Generalizing the Solution
		16.3.6 Additional Examples
		16.3.7 Blending Colors for Transparent Objects
Chapter 17: Stereoscopy for 3D Glasses and VR Headsets
	17.1 View and Projection Matrices for Two Eyes
	17.2 Anaglyph Rendering
	17.3 Side-by-Side Rendering
	17.4 Correcting Lens Distortion in Headsets
	17.5 A Simple Testing Hardware Configuration
Appendix A Installation and Setup for PC (Windows)
Appendix B Installation and Setup for Macintosh
Appendix C Using the Nsight Graphics Debugger
Index