Comparative Atlas of Endoscopic Ear Surgery: Training Techniques Based on an Ovine Model

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Videos
1: Hints and Pitfalls: How to Start Endoscopic Ear Surgery Training
	1.1	 Introduction
	1.2	 Proposal of a Training Programme: Principles and General Features
	1.3	 Application of the Staged Training Programme to the Ovine Model
	References
2: Surgical Instruments and Preparation of the Specimen
	2.1	 Introduction
	2.2	 Identification, Application, and Validation of the Surgical Model
	2.3	 Preparation of the Specimen and Setting (Fig. 2.1: Video 2.1)
		2.3.1	 Setting of the Dissection Lab
	2.4	 Surgical Instruments
	References
3: Comparative Anatomy and Radiology: Human vs. Ovine Model
	3.1	 Introduction (Fig. 3.1)
	3.2	 External Auditory Canal and Tympanic Membrane (Figs. 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5)
	3.3	 Ossicular Chain (Figs. 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, and 3.11)
		3.3.1	 Malleus
		3.3.2	 Incus
		3.3.3	 Stapes
	3.4	 Mesotympanum (Figs. 3.12 and 3.13)
	3.5	 Retrotympanum (Figs. 3.14, 3.15, 3.16, and 3.17)
	3.6	 Epitympanum (Figs. 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, and 3.22)
	3.7	 Protympanum (Figs. 3.23, 3.24, and 3.25)
	3.8	 Hypotympanum (Figs. 3.26, 3.27, and 3.28)
	3.9	 Facial Nerve (Figs. 3.29, 3.30, 3.31, and 3.32)
	3.10	 Internal Auditory Canal (Figs. 3.33, 3.34, and 3.35)
	3.11	 Take Home Messages
	References
4: Myringotomy and Transtympanic Ventilation Tube Positioning
	4.1	 Introduction
	4.2	 Indications
	4.3	 Surgical Steps in Human Procedure
		4.3.1	 Patient Positioning and Surgical Setting (Fig. 4.1)
			4.3.1.1	 Step 1: Exploration of the Tympanic Membrane and Incision (Fig. 4.2)
			4.3.1.2	 Step 2: Suction (Fig. 4.3)
			4.3.1.3	 Step 3: Ventilation Tube Positioning and Insertion (Figs. 4.4 and 4.5)
	4.4	 Hints and Pitfalls (Human)
	4.5	 Surgical Steps on Ovine Model
		4.5.1	 Surgical Instrumentations (Figs. 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8)
		4.5.2	 Surgical Steps (Fig. 4.9: Video 4.1)
			4.5.2.1	 Step 1: Incision (Figs. 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, and 4.15)
			4.5.2.2	 Step 2: Suction (Fig. 4.16)
			4.5.2.3	 Step 3: Ventilation Tube Positioning (Figs. 4.17, 4.18, 4.19, 4.20, 4.21, 4.22, 4.23, 4.24, 4.25, 4.26, and 4.27)
			4.5.2.4	 Step 4: Ventilation Tube Removal (Fig. 4.28)
	4.6	 Hints and Pitfalls (Ovine)
	4.7	 Take Home Messages
	References
5: Endoscopic Approach to the Tympanic Cavity: Tympanomeatal Flap and Canalplasty
	5.1	 Introduction [1–3]
	5.2	 Indications
	5.3	 Surgical Steps in Human Procedure
		5.3.1	 Patient Positioning and Surgical Setting (Fig. 5.1)
			5.3.1.1	 Canalplasty: Exostoses/Osteomas Removal
			5.3.1.2	 Special Application: Atticotomy (Figs. 5.15 and 5.16)
	5.4	 Hints and Pitfalls (Human)
	5.5	 Surgical Steps on Ovine Model
		5.5.1	 Surgical Instrumentations (Figs. 5.17, 5.18, 5.19, and 5.20)
		5.5.2	 Surgical Steps (Fig. 5.21: Video 5.1)
	5.6	 Hints and Pitfalls (Ovine)
	5.7	 Take Home Messages
	References
6: Myringoplasty
	6.1	 Introduction
	6.2	 Indications and Contraindications
		6.2.1	 Indications
		6.2.2	 Contraindications
	6.3	 Surgical Steps in Human Procedure
		6.3.1	 Patient Positioning and Surgical Setting (Fig. 6.1)
		6.3.2	 Surgical Steps
	6.4	 Hints and Pitfalls (Human)
	6.5	 Surgical Steps on Ovine Model
		6.5.1	 Surgical Instrumentations (Figs. 6.20, 6.21, and 6.22)
		6.5.2	 Surgical Steps (Fig. 6.23: Video 6.1)
	6.6	 Hints and Pitfalls (Ovine)
	6.7	 Take Home Messages
	References
7: Ossiculoplasty
	7.1	 Introduction
	7.2	 Indications and Contraindications
		7.2.1	 Indications
		7.2.2	 Contraindications
	7.3	 Surgical Steps in Human Procedure
		7.3.1	 Patient Positioning and Surgical Setting (Fig. 7.1)
		7.3.2	 Surgical Steps
	7.4	 Hints and Pitfalls
	7.5	 Surgical Steps on Ovine Model
		7.5.1	 Surgical Instrumentation (Figs. 7.16, 7.17, and 7.18)
		7.5.2	 Surgical Steps (Fig. 7.19: Video 7.1)
	7.6	 Hints and Pitfalls
	7.7	 Take Home Message
	References
8: Stapes Surgery
	8.1	 Introduction
	8.2	 Indications
	8.3	 Contraindications
	8.4	 Surgical Steps in Human Procedure
		8.4.1	 Patient Positioning and Surgical Setting (Fig. 8.1)
		8.4.2	 Surgical Steps
	8.5	 Hints and Pitfalls (Human)
	8.6	 Surgical Steps on Ovine Model
		8.6.1	 Surgical Instrumentation (Figs. 8.11, 8.12, and 8.13)
		8.6.2	 Surgical Steps (Fig. 8.15: Video 8.1)
			8.6.2.1	 Stapedotomy
			8.6.2.2	 Stapedectomy
	8.7	 Hints and Pitfalls (Ovine)
	8.8	 Take Home Messages
	References
9: Round Window Dissection and Cochlear Implantation
	9.1	 Introduction
	9.2	 Indications [2–4]
	9.3	 Surgical Steps in Human Procedure
		9.3.1	 Transmastoid Posterior Tympanotomy Approach
			9.3.1.1	 Surgical Steps
		9.3.2	 Endoscope-Assisted Cochlear Implantation (Suprameatal Approach)
			9.3.2.1	 Endoscopic Steps
				Patient Positioning and Surgical Setting (Fig. 9.1)
			9.3.2.2	 Microscopic Steps
				Step 6: Microscopic Suprameatal Approach (Figs. 9.9 and 9.10)
		9.3.3	 Robotic-Assisted Cochlear Implantation
	9.4	 Hints and Pitfalls (Human)
		9.4.1	 Transmastoid Posterior Tympanotomy Approach
		9.4.2	 Endoscopic-Assisted Cochlear Implantation (Suprameatal Approach)
	9.5	 Surgical Steps on the Ovine Model
		9.5.1	 Surgical Instrumentation (Figs. 9.11, 9.12 and 9.13)
		9.5.2	 Surgical Steps (Fig. 9.15: Video 9.1 and Fig. 9.16: Video 9.2)
	9.6	 Hints and Pitfalls (Ovine)
	9.7	 Take Home Messages
	References
10: Approach to Internal Auditory Canal
	10.1	 Introduction
	10.2	 Indications and Contraindications
		10.2.1	 Indications
		10.2.2	 Contraindications
	10.3	 Surgical Steps in Human Procedure
		10.3.1	 Patient Positioning and Surgical Setting (Fig. 10.1)
		10.3.2	 Surgical Steps
	10.4	 Hints and Pitfalls (Human)
	10.5	 Surgical Steps in the Ovine Model
		10.5.1	 Surgical Instrumentation (Figs. 10.23, 10.24, and 10.25)
		10.5.2	 Surgical Steps (Fig. 10.26: Video 10.1)
	10.6	 Hints and Pitfalls (Ovine)
	10.7	 Take Home Messages
	References