Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
List of Canadian Research Boxes
Preface
Contributors
Part One The Context of Community Health Nursing in Canada
	Chapter 1 The History of Community Health Nursing in Canada
		Introduction
		Origins of Community Health Nursing
		Nation Building and the Nightingale Era (Mid- to Late 19Th Century)
		Early 20th Century Evolution of Community Health Nursing
		Nursing Education
		Mid-20th Century: Evolution of Community Health Nursing
		Late 20th Century: The New Public Health—Primary Health Care and Health Promotion
		21St Century Prospective: Continuity with Themes of the Past
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
		Acknowledgement
	Chapter 2 Policy, Politics, and Power in Health Care
		Introduction
		Historical Milestones in Canadian Health Care
		A Paradigm Shift to Prevention, Promotion, and the Social Determinants of Health
		Organization of Community Health Care
		Policy, Politics, and Power in Health Equity and Chn Practice
		Challenges in Community Health Nursing Practice
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 3 Nursing Roles, Functions, and Practice Settings
		Introduction
		Blueprint for Action for Community Health Nursing in Canada
		Community Health Nursing Practice Model and Standards of Practice
		Nursing Roles in Community Settings
		Expansion and Regulation of Nursing Practice in Communities
		Trends in Community Health Nursing
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 4 Public Health Nursing
		Introduction
		Historical Evolution of Public Health Nursing
		Primary Health Care and Public Health Nursing
		Public Health Nursing Discipline-Specific Competencies
		Six Essential Functions of Public Health and Public Health Nursing Roles
		Public Health Nursing and Leadership
		Levels of Prevention
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 5 Home Health Nursing in Canada
		Introduction
		Home Health Nursing
		Home Health Nursing Care
		Organizational Supports for Home Health Nursing
		Rewards and Challenges in HHN
		Health Equity in Home Health Nursing
		Home Health Nurses: The Future
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 6 Advocacy, Ethical, and Legal Considerations
		Introduction
		Social Justice
		Ethical and Legal Issues Arising in Community Health Nursing Practice
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
Part Two Foundations and Tools for Community Health Nursing Practice
	Chapter 7 Theoretical Foundations of Community Health Nursing
		Introduction
		What is Theory, and Why is it Essential?
		Core Concepts
		Patterns of Knowing in Nursing
		Levels of Theoretical Knowledge in Community Health Nursing
		History of Community Health Nursing Theory Development and Use
		Theoretical Foundations of Community Health Nursing
		Levels of Practice
		The Community Health Nursing Metaparadigm
		Nursing Philosophy, Values, Beliefs, and Ethics
		Broad Theoretical Perspectives
		Conceptual Models and Frameworks
		Nursing Theories
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 8 Health Promotion
		Introduction
		Definitions of Health and Health Promotion
		Upstream and Downstream Approaches to Promoting Health
		Primary Health Care
		The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
		Social Determinants of Health
		Population Health Promotion
		Social Marketing: An Example of a Population Health Intervention
		“At Risk” Populations
		Levels of Prevention Used in Health Promotion
		Harm Reduction
		Research, Advocacy, and Activism in Health Promotion Practice
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 9 Race, Culture, and Health
		Introduction
		Assumptions and Characteristics of Culture
		Cultural Diversity in Canada
		Culture, Race, and Racism
		The Cycle of Oppression
		Cultural Competence, Cultural Safety, and Cultural Humility
		Racism and White Settler Privilege in Nursing
		Toward Anti-Oppression, Anti-Racism Community Health Nursing Practice
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 10 Evidence-Informed Decision Making in Community Health Nursing
		Introduction
		What is Evidence-Informed Decision Making?
		The Process of Evidence-Informed Practice
		Critical Appraisal of Intervention Studies (Treatment or Prevention)
		Critical Appraisal of Systematic Reviews
		Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Research
		Using Research in Practice
		Participating in Community Health Research
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 11 Epidemiology
		Introduction
		What is Epidemiology?
		Measurement in Epidemiology
		Research in Epidemiology
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 12 Communicable Diseases
		Introduction
		Communicable Diseases: A Historical Perspective
		Transmission of Communicable Diseases
		Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
		Sexually Transmitted Infections and Blood-Borne Infections
		Enteric, Food-, and Water-Borne Infections
		Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Diseases
		Respiratory Infections
		Health Care-Associated and Health Care-Acquired Infections
		Antimicrobial Resistance
		Notifiable/Reportable Diseases in Canada
		Select Communicable Diseases in Canada by Groupings
		Control and Management of Communicable Diseases
		Outbreaks and Contact Tracing
		Role of the Community Health Nurse
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Author
	Chapter 13 Community Nursing Process
		Introduction
		Community Defined
		Selected Community Assessment Models and Frameworks
		Application of the Community Health Nursing Process
		Population Health
		Community Participatory Tools for Community Planning
		Role of Chns
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Author
	Chapter 14 Community Health Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation
		Introduction
		Program Planning and Evaluation
		The Shift to Multiple Interventions
		The Multiple Intervention Program Framework
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 15 Digital Health
		Introduction
		Nursing Informatics Competencies
		Use of the Internet to Access Health Information
		Quality of Digital Health Information
		Technology to Support Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Chronic Disease Management
		Telehealth
		Population Health and Technology
		Electronic Documentation for Community Health Nursing
		Technologies that Support Knowledge Exchange and Professional Development
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
Part Three Nursing Care of Selected Populations
	Chapter 16 Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health
		Introduction
		Perinatal Health Indicators
		Sociocultural Contexts of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health in Canada
		Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: Teenage Motherhood
		Perinatal Health Promotion: Reproductive Health, Rights, and Justice
		Early Childhood Health: Indicators and Health Promotion in Canada
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 17 School Health
		Introduction
		Critical Conceptualizations of Children, Childhood, and Children’s Rights
		Health Determinants and Outcomes
		Thinking Intersectionally About Child Health Equity
		School-Based Health Promotion Models
		Roles of the School-Based Public Health Nurse
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 18 Family Nursing
		Introduction
		Family Nursing
		Trends in Canadian Families
		What is Family?
		Family Assessment
		The Family Home Visit
		Future Research Directions and Challenges
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 19 Gender and Community Health
		Introduction
		How We Understand Health Outcomes of Canadian Men and Women
		Gender as a Determinant of Health: Getting Clear on Concepts
		Indigenous Notions of Gender
		Societal Causes of Gender-Based Inequities
		A Gender-Based Lens and Community Health Nursing Practice
		Community Health Nursing Practice and Gender Advocacy—A Form of Primordial and Primary Prevention
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 20 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Two Spirit Clients
		Introduction
		Sexual Orientations and Gender Identities Found Within Canadian Communities
		Societal Attitudes and Stressors for LGBTQ2S People
		Health Inequities Among LGBTQ2S People
		Coming Out, or Disclosure of LGBTQ2S Identity
		Responses that Promote Health or Contribute to Harm for LGBTQ2S People
		Roles for Chns in Promoting the Health of LGBTQ2S Populations
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Author
	Chapter 21 Older Adult Health
		Introduction
		Demographic Trends in Aging
		The Social Context of Aging
		Community Gerontological Practice and Community Health Nursing
		Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, Chronic Illness Management, and Care at the End of Life
		Population Groups
		Building Capacity
		Future Challenges and Opportunities
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 22 Indigenous Health
		Elder Blessing and Recognition of Ancestors and Land
		Introduction
		History of Indigenous Peoples in Canada
		Policy Issues Affecting Community Health Nursing in Indigenous Communities
		Indigenous Peoples and Health Inequities
		Indigenous Determinants of Health
		Reconciliation, Decolonization, and Self-Determination
		Indigenous Health and Community Health Nursing
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 23 Community Mental Health
		Introduction
		Mental Health and Illness
		Historical Context and Challenges
		Risk Factors
		The Impact of Mental Illness
		Suicide in Canada
		Caring for the Most Vulnerable
		Community Mental Health Service Delivery
		Nursing Roles in Community Mental Health
		Future Directions and Implications for Nursing
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 24 Rural and Remote Health
		Introduction
		The Characteristics of Rural and Remote Canada
		Health Inequities Experienced by Residents of Rural and Remote Communities
		Chns in Rural and Remote Communities
		Rural and Remote Community Health Nursing Practice
		A Day in the Life
		Health Policies and Support for Chn Practice
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 25 Chronic Care, Long-Term Care, and Palliative Care
		Introduction
		Chronic Care: Definition and Models of Care
		Long-Term Care: Over the Continuum
		Palliative Care in the Community: Goals, Standards, and Principles
		Family Caregivers: Consequences, Coping, and Cost
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 26 Correctional Health
		Introduction
		Health Care of Correctional Populations
		Common Health Challenges
		Practice Setting
		Community Connections and Collaborations
		Professional Development, Advocacy, and Research in Correctional Nursing
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 27 Ecological Determinants of Health and Environmental Health Inequities
		Introduction
		The Ecological Determinants of Health
		Environmental Health Inequities
		The Ecological Determinants of Health and Global Change
		Three Environmental Frameworks
		Community Health Nursing Practice
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Author
Part Four Selected Community Problems
	Chapter 28 Violence and Health
		Introduction
		Overview of Violence and Health
		Root or Structural Causes of Societal Violence
		The People, Poverty, Power Model: Giving Voice to Structural Power and Privilege
		More Forms of Structural Power, Privilege, and Violence
		Revisiting Power and Violence: The Power and Control Wheel
		Trauma and VIOLENCE-INFORMED Care
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 29 Poverty, Homelessness, and Food Insecurity
		Introduction
		Poverty, Homelessness, and the Social Determinants of Health
		Poverty in Canada
		Homelessness
		Food Insecurity
		Role of the Community Health Nurse
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Author
	Chapter 30 Substance Use
		Introduction
		Substance Use, Addiction, and Dependence
		The Canadian Context of Substance Use: Changing Priorities and the Impact on Health and Well-Being
		Substance Use: An Intersectional Analysis
		Violence, Trauma, Mental Health, and Substance Use
		Substance Use, Health, and Social Inequity
		Harmful Consequences of Substance Use
		Ethics and Substance Use: A Case in Point—Pregnancy
		Substance Use and Prevention
		Community Health Nursing and Health Promoting Practice
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 31 Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections
		Introduction
		History of Stbbis and the Impact on Healthy Public Policy
		Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections
		Blood-Borne Infections
		Implications of Stbbis
		Stbbi Prevention and Harm Reduction
		Specific Populations at a Higher Risk for Acquiring Stbbis
		Innovative Sti and Bbi Prevention Interventions in Canada
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 32 Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Nursing
		Introduction
		What Is a Disaster?
		Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness in Canada
		Crises in Public Health
		The Public Health Agency of Canada
		Public Health Response in a Disaster
		Role of Community Health Organizations in Disasters
		Community Health Nurses in Disasters: The Nursing Process
		Safety of Vulnerable and Priority Populations
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
Part Five Looking Ahead
	Chapter 33 Global Health
		Introduction
		Globalization
		Global Health—What is It?
		Trends in Global Burden of Disease
		New and Reemerging Infections and Chronic Diseases in Global Health
		Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health
		The Evolution of Global Health Equity Policy
		Global Trends and Community Health Nursing
		Global Health Ethics
		Conclusion
		Key Terms
		Study Questions
		Individual Critical-Thinking Exercises
		Group Critical-Thinking Exercises
		References
		About the Authors
	Chapter 34 Critical Community Health Nursing: An Imperative
		Introduction
		Trends in Community Health Nursing
		Getting Critical
		Implications for Community Health Nursing Practice
		Conclusion
		References
		About the Authors
Appendix A The Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice
	Introduction
	Purpose of Standards of Practice
	Using the Standards of Practice
	Community Health Nursing Practice
	Standards of practice for community health nurses
Appendix B Public Health Nursing Discipline-Specific Competencies
	1. Public Health and Nursing Sciences
	2. Assessment and Analysis
	3. Policy and Program Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation
	4. Partnerships, Collaboration, and Advocacy
	5. Diversity and Inclusiveness
	6. Communication
	7. Leadership
	8. Professional Responsibility and Accountability
Appendix C Home Health Nursing Competencies
	1. Elements of Home Health Nursing
	2. Foundations of Home Health Nursing
	3. Quality and Professional Responsibility
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z
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