Clinical Atlas of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Rheumatology (Dec 13, 2024)_(3031638816)_(Springer).pdf

Preface
Contents
About the Authors
Untitled
1: Basic Clinical Ultrasound Principles
	Ultrasound Physics and Image Configuration
	Echo Properties
	Scanning Conventions
		Image Orientation
	Scanning Technique and Probe Maneuvering
		Probe Motion Terminology
	Ultrasound Settings and Functions
		Frequency
		Depth
		Focal Zone
		Gain
		Doppler
	Artifacts
		Anisotropy
		Acoustic Shadowing
		Posterior Acoustic Enhancement or Increased Through Transmission
		Refractile or Lateral Edge Shadowing
		Reverberation
		Doppler Artifacts
	Sonography of Structures
		Clinically Relevant Arteries in Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography
			Normal Arterial Doppler Flow Versus Pathologic Doppler Flow
	Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography of Rheumatic Conditions: Definitions of Pathology and Elementary Lesions
	Definitions of Structural Elementary Lesions Composing Ultrasound Pathology
		Osteoarthritis
		Gout
	Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposit Disease (CPPD)
	Large Vessel Vasculitis/Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)
	References
Part I: Upper Extremity Ultrasound
2: Ultrasonography of the Shoulder: Biceps Tendon, Joints, and Bursa
	Long Head of the Biceps
	Biceps Tendon Pathology
		Biceps Tendonitis
		Biceps Tendonitis and Tear
		Biceps Tendon Tear
		Biceps Tendon Calcifications
		Biceps Sheath Ganglion Cyst
	Other Biceps Tendon Pathology
		Amyloid of the Biceps Sheath and SASD Bursa
		Tendon Subluxation
	Acromioclavicular Joint
		Intra-articular Gas Bubbles
	Glenohumeral Joint
	Glenohumeral Joint and Labrum Pathology
		GH Synovitis and OA (CPPD)
		GH Labral Calcification
	Subacromial-Subdeltoid Bursa
	Subacromial-Subdeltoid Bursa Pathology
	Sternoclavicular Joint
	References
3: Ultrasonography of the Shoulder: Rotator Cuff Tendons
	Subscapularis Tendon
	Subscapularis Tendon Pathology
		Tendinosis
			Calcific Tendonitis
			Acute Calcific Tendonitis: Subscapularis
		Tendon Tear
		Complete Tear with Tendon Retraction
	Infraspinatus Tendon
	Infraspinatus Pathology
	Supraspinatus Tendon
		Supraspinatus Tendon Anatomy
	Rotator Pathology
		Adhesive Capsulitis
		Tendinosis and Tendonitis
		Calcific Tendonitis
	Rotator Cuff Tears
	Classification of Rotator Cuff Tears
	Examples of Rotator Cuff Tears
	References
4: Ultrasonography of the Elbow
	Ultrasonography of the Elbow
	Anterior Elbow
	Lateral Elbow
	Medial Elbow
	Posterior Elbow
	Anterior Elbow Pathology
		Joint Pathology
		Biceps Brachii Tendon Pathology
	Lateral Elbow Pathology
		Common Extensor Tendon Pathology
		Calcific Tendonitis of the CET
		Lateral Collateral Ligament Pathology
		Lateral Radiocapitellar Joint Pathology
	Medial Elbow
		Common Flexor Tendon and Medial Collateral Ligament Pathology
	Posteromedial Elbow
	Posterior Elbow
		Joint Pathology
		Loose Bodies
		Triceps Tendon Pathology
		Olecranon Bursa Pathology
		Subcutaneous Nodules
	References
5: Ultrasonography of the Hand and Wrist
	Ultrasound of the Hand
		Fig. 5.2 Illustration of the extensor mechanism of the finger
	Protocol for the Hand
	Synovitis
		Dactylitis
		Erosions
	Effusions
	Osteophytes
	Nodules
		Tendons and Tenosynovium
	Ultrasound of the Wrist
		Dorsal Wrist
	Medial Wrist (Ulnar)
		Lateral Wrist (Radial)
		Volar Wrist
	Erosion and Pseudoerosions
	Ligamentous Damage
	Ganglion Cysts
	Retinacular and Tenosynovial Pathology in the Wrist
	References
Part II: Lower Extremity Ultrasonography
6: Ultrasonography of the Hip
	Introduction
	Anatomy of the Hip
	Anatomy of the Sacroiliac Joint
	Ultrasound of the Hip Joint
		Anterior View in Longitudinal and Transverse Plane
		Medial View in the Transverse and Longitudinal Plane
		Lateral View in the Transverse and Longitudinal Plane
		Posterior View in the Transverse and Longitudinal Plane
	Ultrasound of the Sacroiliac Joint
	Pathology Seen in the Hip Evaluation
		Hip Joint Effusion and Synovitis
		Osteoarthritis of the Femoral Head
		Calcifications in the Region of the Hip Joint Cartilage and Capsule
		Disorders of the Acetabular Labrum (Labral Tear) (Labral Degeneration) (Paralabral Cyst)
			Labral Calcification Is Associated with Degeneration of the Labrum [20]
		Disorders of the Iliopsoas Region (Iliopsoas Bursitis) (Iliopsoas Snapping Hip)
		Hip Schwannoma
		Bony Pathology of the Greater Trochanter
		Tendinosis
		Tendinosis with Tear
		Tears and Bursitis
		Tendinosis and Calcinosis
		Muscle Strains
		Sacroiliac Pathology
	Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Shoulder and the Hip
	References
7: Ultrasonography of the Knee
	Anterior Knee
	Anterior Knee Pathology
		Joint Effusion and Synovial Hypertrophy
		Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Pathology
		Anterior Knee Bursas
		Femoral Hyaline Cartilage
	Medial Knee
		Anserine Bursitis
	Lateral Knee
	Posterior Knee
	References
8: Ultrasonography of the Ankle and Foot
	Ankle Evaluation (Figs. 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, and 8.6)
	Ankle Pathology
		Tibiotalar Effusion and Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (Fig. 8.7)
		Tibiotalar Joint: Normal vs. Synovitis (Fig. 8.8)
		Tibiotalar Effusion (Fig. 8.9)
		Tibiotalar and Subtalar Synovitis and Joint Effusion in Psoriatic Arthritis (Fig. 8.10)
		Midfoot Pain in Psoriatic Arthritis (Fig. 8.11)
		Tibiotalar Effusion, Subtalar Synovitis in a Patient with Advanced Osteoarthritis (Fig. 8.12)
		Tibiotalar Effusion without Synovitis in Lyme Arthritis (Fig. 8.13)
		Subtalar Joint (Fig. 8.14)
		Subtalar Synovitis (Fig. 8.15)
		Patient with Lyme Arthritis Vs. Spondyloarthropathy (Figs. 8.16 and 8.17)
		Tibiotalar PVNS (Fig. 8.18)
		Lateral Subtalar Effusion (and Peroneal Tenosynovitis) (Fig. 8.19)
		Peroneal Tenosynovitis, Lateral Subtalar Synovitis in a Psoriatic Arthritis Patient (Fig. 8.20)
		Calcaneocuboid Arthritis in a Psoriatic Arthritis Patient (Fig. 8.21)
		CPPD Peroneal Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis (Fig. 8.22)
		Peroneal Tenosynovitis and Peroneus Longus Tear (Fig. 8.23)
		Subtalar Synovitis and Effusion (Fig. 8.24)
		Lateral Malleolar Bone (Fig. 8.25)
		Medial Ankle: Posterior Tibial and Flexor Digitorum Tenosynovitis (Fig. 8.26)
		Posterior Tibial Tendon (PTT) Tenosynovitis (Fig. 8.27)
		PTT Tenosynovitis (Fig. 8.28)
		PTT Enthesitis in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient (Fig. 8.29)
		PTT Enthesitis (Fig. 8.30)
		Medial Ankle Ganglion Cyst (Fig. 8.31)
		Posterior Tibial Tendon Tear (Fig. 8.32)
		Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) Tenosynovitis (Fig. 8.33)
		Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus Tenosynovitis in a Rheumatoid Arthritis (Fig. 8.34)
		Calcific Tendinitis of the Posterior Tibial Tendon (Fig. 8.35)
		Calcific Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis (Fig. 8.36)
		Gout in PTT with Tophus Casting Shadow (Fig. 8.37)
		Spring Ligament Calcification (Fig. 8.38)
		Achilles Tendon Xanthoma (Fig. 8.39)
		Achilles Tendinopathy and Intrasubstance Calcifications (Fig. 8.40)
		Achilles Tendon with Inferior Eggshell Calcification with Acoustic Shadowing (Fig. 8.41)
		Achilles Tendon Fusiform Swelling with Calcification (Fig. 8.42)
		Achilles Tendinosis (Fig. 8.43)
		Achilles Tendon Enthesitis (Fig. 8.44)
		Achilles Enthesitis in a Psoriatic Arthritis Patient (Fig. 8.45)
		Calcaneal Erosion (Fig. 8.46)
		Achilles Tendon Rupture (Fig. 8.47)
		Achilles Enthesopathy and Enthesophytes (Fig. 8.48)
		Crystalline Deposition in Calcaneal Erosion (Fig. 8.49)
		Retrocalcaneal Bursitis (Fig. 8.50)
		Retrocalcaneal Bursitis with Compression (Fig. 8.51)
		Inflammatory Retrocalcaneal Bursitis (Fig. 8.52)
		Retrocalcaneal Bursitis in a Psoriatic Arthritis Patient (Fig. 8.53)
		Retrocalcaneal Bursitis (Fig. 8.54)
		Achilles Tendinitis and Retrocalcaneal Bursitis in CPPD (Fig. 8.55)
		Retrocalcaneal Bursitis with Intratendinous Ganglion Cyst (Fig. 8.56)
		Retrocalcaneal Bursitis in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient (Fig. 8.57)
		Retrocalcaneal Bursitis in a Patient with Seronegative Inflammatory Arthritis (Fig. 8.58)
		Calcific Tendinitis of the Achilles Tendon in a RA and CPPD Patient (Fig. 8.59)
		Achilles Tendinosis-Retrocalcaneal Bursitis (Fig. 8.61)
		Achilles Calcific Tendinitis (Figs. 8.62 and 8.63)
		Plantar Fasciitis in Patient with Achilles Calcific Tendinitis (Fig. 8.64)
		Plantar Fasciitis (Figs. 8.65 and 8.66)
		Plantar Fasciitis, Enthesitis and Erosion (Fig. 8.67, 8.68, 8.69, 8.70, 8.71, 8.72, and 8.73)
		Inflammatory Vs. Degenerative Plantar Fasciitis (Fig. 8.74)
		Subcalcaneal Bursitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (Fig. 8.75)
	Foot Pathology
		Metatarsophalangeal Synovitis (Figs. 8.77, 8.78, 8.79, 8.80, 8.81, 8.82, 8.83, and 8.84)
		Metatarsophalangeal Bursitis (Figs. 8.85 and 8.86)
		Intermetatarsal Ganglion Cyst: Midfoot (Fig. 8.87)
		Tarsometatarsal Arthritis (Figs. 8.88, 8.89, and 8.90)
		Bipartite Sesamoid Bone (Figs. 8.91 and 8.92)
		Intermetatarsal Bursitis (Figs. 8.93 and 8.94)
		Morton’s Neuroma (Figs. 8.95 and 8.96)
		Metatarsal Stress Fracture (Fig. 8.97)
		Gout (Figs. 8.98, 8.99, 8.100, 8.101, and 8.102)
	References
9: Ultrasound-Guided Procedures
	General Principles
	Technical Procedural Aspects
	Approaches
	Musculoskeletal Ultrasound-Guided Procedures
	Ultrasound-Guided Procedures of the Shoulder
		Biceps Tendon Sheath
		Subacromial-Subdeltoid Bursa
		Glenohumeral Joint
		Acromioclavicular Joint
		Barbotage for Calcific Tendonitis: Rotator Cuff Tendon
		Suprascapular Nerve Block
	Ultrasound-Guided Elbow Procedures
		Elbow Joint
		Common Extensor Tendon
		Olecranon Bursa
		Cubital Tunnel
	Ultrasound-Guided Wrist Procedures
		Wrist Joint
		First Extensor Compartment
		Ganglion Cyst Aspiration with Lavage
		Carpometacarpal (CMC) and Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) Joint
		STT Joint Injection
		Carpal Tunnel
	Ultrasound-Guided Hand Procedures
		Trigger Finger
		Metacarpophalangeal and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
	Ultrasound-Guided Hip Procedures
		Hip Joint
		Trochanteric Bursa
		Sacroiliac Joint
	Ultrasound-Guided Knee Procedures
		Knee Joint
		Anserine Bursa
		Popliteal Bursa/Baker’s Cyst
	Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Procedures
		Ankle Joint
		Subtalar Joint
		Tendon Sheath: Peroneal and Posterior Tibial Tendon
		Tarsal Tunnel
		Achilles Paratenon Injection or Retrocalcaneal Bursa
		Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and Interphalangeal (IP) Joint
		Morton’s Neuroma and Intermetatarsal Bursitis
	References
10: Case-Based Point of Care Ultrasonography
	Case 1
	Case 2
	Case 3
	Case 4
	Case 5
	Case 6
	Case 7
	Case 8
	Case 9
	Case 10
	Case 11
	Case 12
	Case 13
	References
Index