Clear English Pronunciation: A Practical Guide

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
	Pronunciation
	Approach to pronunciation in this book
		1 Non-articulatorypronunciation skills
		2 Prosody
		3 Consonants and vowels
		4 Phoneme contrasts
		5 Knowing the skills of interlocutors
	Audience and objectives
	Practicalities
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Your pronunciation before the course
Part A: Second-language pronunciation
	Chapter 2: Improving pronunciation
		The learnability of pronunciation
		Eight pronunciation-learningtips
			Tip 1: Slow down
			Tip 2: Speak consistently loudly
			Tip 3: Overarticulate rather than underarticulate
			Tip 4: Focus on the music of your English
			Tip 5: Find your L2 persona
			Tip 6: Adjust your general linguistic level to your pronunciation level
			Tip 7: Read your audience
			Tip 8: Find a learning routine
	Chapter 3: Using the speech tract
		The voice
		Voice control
		Breathing technique
		Writing down speech sounds
		Consonants types
			1 Place
			2 Manner
			3 Voice
		Vowel types
			1 Length
			2 Diphthongs/monophthongs
			3 Front/back, open/close
	Chapter 4: Using other pronunciation tools
		Good pronunciation
		A Perception
		B Communicative adjustment
		C Reading signs
		D The body
		E Confidence
Part B: Combining sounds
	Chapter 5: Intonation
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
			Three common intonation patterns
			1 Falling intonation
			2 Rising intonation
			3 Level intonation pattern
		Key
	Chapter 6: Vowel reduction
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
			Reduction in function words
			Emphatic ‘the’
			Reduction in content words
			Reduction as a way to distinguish words
	Chapter 7: Word stress
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
			Issue 1: The stress in nouns and adjectives is different from that in related verbs
			Issue 2: Certain word-finalsyllables are likely to be unstressed
			Issue 3: Teens and tens get a different stress
			Issue 4: Stress shifts in running speech
	Chapter 8: Stressful words
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
			Category 1: Relatively common words
			Category 2: Less common words
			Category 3: Professional and academic words
		Key
	Chapter 9: Pronunciation variation
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
			1 Vowel variation: [æ] versus [ɑː]
			2 Vowel variation: [ɔ:, ɒ] versus [ɑː]
			3 Other vowel differences
			4 Tapping of [t]
			5 Consonant variation: pronouncing [n] or [ŋ] at the ends of words
			6 Consonant variation: adding [h] after [w]
			7 Consonant variation: inserting [j]
			8 Stress variation
		Key
	Chapter 10: Sentence stress
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
			Syllable-timedversus stress-timed
	Chapter 11: Silences
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
			Function 1: Make pronunciation easy to listen to
			Function 2: Add meaning to utterances
			Function 3: Forefront information
		Key
	Chapter 12: Fortis and lenis endings
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 13: Contraction and assimilation
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
			1 Contraction
			2 Assimilation
		Key
Part C: Difficult consonants
	Chapter 14: Pronouncing pea, tea, and key [p, t, k]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 15: Pronouncing teeth and teethe [θ, ð]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Lenis th [ð]
		Fortis th [θ]
		Two final ‘th’ comments
		Key
	Chapter 16: Pronouncing veer, beer, and Wear [v, b, w]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 17: Pronouncing see and she [s, ʃ ]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 18: Pronouncing veal and zeal [v, z]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 19: Choosing rhotacisation
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 20: Pronouncing right and light [ɹ, l]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 21: Unpronounced consonants
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 22: Consonant tests
		Test 1
		Test 2
		Sounds
Part D: Difficult vowels
	Chapter 23: Pronouncing dark and Dirk [ɑː, ɜː]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 24: Pronouncing Dirk and dork [ɜː, ɔː]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 25: Pronouncing dork and Doke [ɔ:, oʊ]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 26: Pronouncing Doke and dock [oʊ, ɒ]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 27: Pronouncing dock and duck [ɒ, ʌ]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 28: Pronouncing look and Luke [ʊ, uː]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 29: Pronouncinglick and leek [ɪ, iː]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 30: Pronouncing marry and merry [æ, ɛ]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 31: Pronouncing merry and Mary [ɛ, ɛː]
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 32: Avoiding vowel rhotacisation
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
	Chapter 33: Avoiding vowel nasalisation
		What could go wrong?
		Is this your problem?
		Explanation and practice
		Key
	Chapter 34: Vowel tests
		Test 1
		Test 2
		Sounds
	Chapter 35: Your pronunciation after the course
References
Appendix
Index