Civil War Monuments and the Militarization of America

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Introduction: Beyond the Iconoclastic Republic......Page 16
1. The Emergence of the Soldier Monument......Page 28
2. Models of Citizenship......Page 79
3. Models of Leadership......Page 145
4. Visions of Victory......Page 201
5. The Great War and Civil War Memory......Page 247
Epilogue: Toward a New Iconoclasm......Page 298
Acknowledgments......Page 312
Notes......Page 314
Bibliography......Page 340
Index......Page 366
Illustrations......Page 10
I.1 William Walcutt, Pulling Down the Statue of George III at Bowling Green, New York......Page 15
1.1 Hazen Brigade Monument, Murfreesboro, Tennessee......Page 34
1.2 John N. Hyde and William J. Peirce, Erected by the Somerville Light Infantry......Page 37
1.3 Charles H. Dimmock, Monument to Confederate Dead, Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond......Page 41
1.4 William R. Ware and Henry Van Brunt, Harvard Memorial Hall......Page 49
1.5 Martin Milmore, Sphinx, Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts......Page 54
1.6 Randolph Rogers, model of The Sentinel (Soldier of the Line)......Page 57
1.7 Randolph Rogers, Worcester Civil War Monument......Page 59
1.8 Batterson Monumental Works, Soldier Monument, Deerfield, Massachusetts......Page 61
1.9 Martin Milmore, plaster cast of Roxbury Monument, Forest Hills Cemetery, Boston......Page 62
1.10 John Quincy Adams Ward and Richard Morris Hunt, Seventh Regiment Memorial, Central Park......Page 67
1.11 New England Granite Works, The American Volunteer......Page 69
1.12 Daniel Chester French, The Minute Man, Concord, Massachusetts......Page 75
1.13 L. Prang and Co., Army and Navy Monument on Boston Common......Page 77
2.1 Gorham Manufacturing Company, Liberty Arming the Patriot, Pawtucket, Rhode Island......Page 82
2.2 Montomery Meigs and Caspar Buberl, Pension Building and detail of frieze, Washington, DC......Page 85
2.3 David W. Gibbs, Soldiers Memorial Building, Toledo......Page 87
2.4 J. C. Bragdon, Pittsburgh’s Fifty Million Dollar Beauty Center......Page 90
2.5 Charles Keck, model of America......Page 92
2.6 Launt Thompson, Soldier Monument, Pittsfield, Massachusetts......Page 95
2.7 Smith Granite Company, Thirteenth Massachusetts Monument, Gettysburg......Page 97
2.8 F. Wellington Ruckstuhl and Charles R. Lamb, Arkansas Soldiers Monument, Little Rock......Page 104
2.9 Advertisement from Monumental News, Nov. 1901......Page 106
2.10 Levi Scofield, Cuyahoga County Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Cleveland......Page 108
2.11 Bruno Schmitz, Herman Matzen, and Rudolf Schwarz, Indiana Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Indianapolis......Page 109
2.12 Levi Scofield, model of Infantry Group, Cleveland......Page 110
2.13 Lorado Taft, model of Defense of the Flag......Page 112
2.14 Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Charles McKim, Shaw Memorial, Boston......Page 116
2.15 Theo Alice Ruggles Kitson, Bickerdyke Monument, Galesburg, Illinois......Page 126
2.16 Augustus Lukeman and Henry Bacon, Monument to North Carolina Women of the Confederacy, Raleigh......Page 128
2.17 Theo Alice Ruggles Kitson, The Volunteer, Newburyport, Massachusetts......Page 132
2.18 Sally James Farnham, Defenders of the Flag, Rochester, New York......Page 138
2.19 John Wilson, Confederate Monument, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill......Page 141
2.20 Henry Hering and Henry Bacon, Yale University Civil War Memorial......Page 143
3.1 Thomas Crawford, Virginia Washington Monument, Richmond......Page 151
3.2 John Quincy Adams Ward and J. L. Smithmeyer, Thomas Monument, Washington, DC......Page 153
3.3 Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Stanford White, Farragut Monument, New York......Page 155
3.4 William Wetmore Story, Everett Memorial, Boston......Page 159
3.5 Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Stanford White, Lincoln Monument, Chicago......Page 162
3.6 John Quincy Adams Ward and Richard Morris Hunt, Beecher Monument, Brooklyn......Page 165
3.7 George Hayward, Equestrian Statue of Washington, Union Square, N.Y.......Page 169
3.8 Antonin Mercié and Paul Pujol, Lee Monument, Richmond......Page 172
3.9 Carl Rohl-Smith, Sherman Monument, Washington, DC......Page 175
3.10 Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Stanford White, Logan Monument, Chicago......Page 180
3.11 John Quincy Adams Ward, model for Sheridan Monument, Washington, DC......Page 184
3.12 Gutzon Borglum, Sheridan Monument, Washington, DC......Page 186
3.13 Plan of National Mall, Washington, DC......Page 193
3.14 Daniel Chester French, Edward C. Potter, and Frank Miles Day, Grant Monument, Philadelphia......Page 196
3.15 Henry M. Shrady and Edward Pearce Casey, model of Grant Memorial, Washington, DC......Page 197
3.16 Henry M. Shrady, model of Artillery Group, Grant Memorial, Washington, DC......Page 199
4.1 Frederick Law Olmsted, map of Buffalo parks and parkways......Page 206
4.2 Office of Henry Hobson Richardson, Civil War Memorial Project, Buffalo......Page 207
4.3 George Keller, Caspar Buberl, and Samuel Kitson, Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch, Hartford......Page 208
4.4 John H. Duncan and Frederick MacMonnies, Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Brooklyn......Page 211
4.5 Lew F. Porter, Camp Randall Memorial Arch, University of Wisconsin, Madison......Page 214
4.6 George W. Ranck and Muldoon Monument Company, Confederate Memorial, Lexington Cemetery, Kentucky......Page 217
4.7 Edward Valentine and William C. Noland, Jefferson Davis Memorial, Richmond......Page 220
4.8 F. Wellington Ruckstuhl, Gloria Victis, Baltimore......Page 224
4.9 Stanford White and Frederick MacMonnies, Battle Monument, West Point......Page 228
4.10 Anders Zorn, Augustus Saint-Gaudens......Page 230
4.11 Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Charles McKim, Sherman Monument, New York......Page 231
4.12 Daniel Chester French and Henry Bacon, Melvin Memorial, Concord, Massachusetts......Page 234
4.13 Franklin Simmons and Edward Clark, Naval Monument, west side......Page 238
4.14 Franklin Simmons and Edward Clark, Naval Monument, east side......Page 239
4.15 Batterson Monumental Works, Soldiers’ National Monument, Gettysburg......Page 240
4.16 Moses Ezekiel, Confederate Monument, Arlington National Cemetery......Page 243
4.17 Hermon A. MacNeil, Albany Soldiers and Sailors Memorial......Page 245
5.1 View of proposed Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC......Page 252
5.2 Daniel Chester French and Henry Bacon, Lincoln Memorial, Lincoln, Nebraska......Page 255
5.3 Daniel Chester French, Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC......Page 258
5.4 “Abraham Lincoln, What Would You Do?”......Page 260
5.5 George Grey Barnard, Abraham Lincoln, Cincinnati......Page 262
5.6 Dedication of the Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC......Page 267
5.7 Daniel Chester French, Milton Memorial, Milton, Massachusetts......Page 270
5.8 E. M. Viquesney, Spirit of the American Doughboy, Columbia, South Carolina......Page 271
5.9 Charles H. Niehaus, Planting the Standard of Democracy, Newark, New Jersey......Page 273
5.10 Frank J. Manson, Handing Down Old Glory, Red Bank, New Jersey......Page 275
5.11 Daniel Chester French and Henry Bacon, Du Pont Memorial Fountain, Washington, DC......Page 282
5.12 Giuseppe Moretti, Battle of Nashville Monument......Page 284
5.13 Charles Grafly, Meade Memorial, Washington, DC......Page 287
5.14 A. Phimister Proctor, Robert E. Lee and Young Soldier, Dallas......Page 289
5.15 Gutzon Borglum, plan of the sculptures at Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial......Page 292
5.16 Augustus Lukeman, plan for Confederate Memorial at Stone Mountain......Page 295
E.1 Removal of Lee statue, New Orleans......Page 308
E.2 An-My Lê, Monument, General P. G. T. Beauregard, New Orleans, Louisiana......Page 311