Changing social equality: The Nordic welfare model in the 21st century

Table 2.1: Linear regression: the dependent variable is support for equalisation of income differences\nTable 2.2: Percentage of the voters that jointly support redistribution and a restrictive immigration policy\nTable 2.3: Multilevel logistic regression: dependent variable is whether the respondent voted for a Left party\nTable A-2.1: Descriptive statistics\nTable A-2.2: Country-level data\nTable 3.1: Results from latent class regression\nTable 3.2: Time trends in levels of support for the welfare state (% of population that belongs to each attitudinal type)\nTable A-3.1: Model fit for different latent class models\nTable 5.1: Children in childcare, Nordic countries, percentage of different age groups, 2009\nTable 5.2: Forms of care: proportions receiving care, average hours in respective forms of care and FTE/100 children in the age group,a children 1-2 years (top panel 1) and 3-5 years (bottom panel), 2008b\nTable 5.3: Childcare systems, usage and outcomes\nTable A-5.1: Forms of care among children 1-2 years old by parents’ highest education in 2008 (coverage and for formal care also mean hours and FTE places per 100 children in the age group and change in FTE places per 100 children since 2006)\nTable A-5.2: Forms of care among children 3-5 years old by parents’ highest education in 2008 (coverage and for formal care also mean hours and FTE places per 100 children in the age group and change in FTE places per 100 children since 2006) (number of c\nTable 6.1: Characteristics of the employment systems in 15 European countries in the mid-1990s and late 2000s\nTable 6.2: Replacement rates in different income levels, 1995 and 2007, in 15 European countries (net benefit/net income, %)\nTable 6.3: Poverty rates for different labour market transitions (poverty in the destination year)\nTable 6.4: Correlations between unemployment protection generosity and poverty in different labour market status in the 1990s and 2000s\nTable 7.1: Infant mortality rates (IMRs) and life expectancy at birth for 30 countries and six welfare state regimes in 2003a\nTable 7.2: Summary findings of three welfare state studies of absolute and relative socioeconomic inequalities in self-reported health (bad/poor versus fair/good/very good)\nTable 8.1: Poverty rates of old and new risk groups in Europe in 2007 (%)\nTable 8.2: Poverty profiles of old and new risk groups in Europe in 2007 (%)\nTable 8.3: Poverty persistency, 2008a\nNotes on contributors\none\n	Changing social inequality and the Nordic welfare model\n		Jon Kvist, Johan Fritzell, Bjørn Hvinden and Olli Kangas\ntwo\n	Anti-immigration attitudes, support for redistribution and party choice in Europe\n		Henning Finseraas1\nthree\n	Do we all (dis)like the same welfare state? Configurations of public support for the welfare state in comparative perspective\n		Mads Meier Jæger1\nfour\n	Eroding minimum income protection in the Nordic countries? Reassessing the Nordic model of social assistance\n		Susan Kuivalainen and Kenneth Nelson\nfive\n	Equality in the social service state: Nordic childcare models in comparative perspective\n		Gabrielle Meagher and Marta Szebehely\nsix\n	Welfare state institutions, unemployment and poverty: comparative analysis of unemployment benefits and labour market participation in 15 European Union countries\n		M. Azhar Hussain, Olli Kangas and Jon Kvist\nseven\n	Social inequalities in health: the Nordic welfare state in a comparative context\n		Clare Bambra\neight\n	Income inequality and poverty: do the Nordic countries still constitute a family of their own?\n		Johan Fritzell, Olof Bäckman and Veli-Matti Ritakallio\nnine\n	Does immigration challenge [[Is immigration challenging?]] the economic sustainability of the Nordic welfare model?\n		Christer Gerdes and Eskil Wadensjö\nten\n	Nordic responses to rising inequalities: still pursuing a distinct path or joining the rest?\n		Jon Kvist, Johan Fritzell, Bjørn Hvinden and Olli Kangas\nNotes on contributors\n	Acknowledgements\n	Changing social inequality and the Nordic welfare model\n		Introduction: inequality on the rise?\n			More than money: the Nordic welfare strand of welfare research\n			Aim of the book\n			Studying changes in social inequality\n			The Nordic welfare model and inequality\n			Welfare regimes and inequality\n			Pressures on the Nordic welfare model and inequality\n			Structure of the book\n	Anti-immigration attitudes, support for redistribution and party choice in Europe\n		Introduction\n			Xenophobia and redistribution\n			Anti-solidarity hypothesis\n			Distraction hypothesis\n			Conclusion\n			Appendix: Parties included in European Social Survey coded as Left by country\n	Do we all (dis)like the same welfare state? Configurations of public support for the welfare state in comparative perspective\n		Introduction\n			Theoretical background\n			Data, variables and methods\n			Results\n			Conclusion\n			Appendix\n	Eroding minimum income protection in the Nordic countries? Reassessing the Nordic model of social assistance\n		Nordic social assistance\n			Data\n			The generosity of social assistance and minimum income benefits\n			The extent of social assistance and means-tested benefits\n			Poverty and redistribution\n			Conclusion\n	Equality in the social service state: Nordic childcare models in comparative perspective\n		Introduction\n			Childcare and equality: making the links\n			Care for children in Nordic countries\n			Nordic childcare in comparative perspective\n			Meeting family care needs: are all measures equal?\n			Conclusion\n	Welfare state institutions, unemployment and poverty: comparative analysis of unemployment benefits and labour market participation in 15 European Union countries\n		Introduction\n			Labour market and income: our research questions\n			Data and methods\n			Characteristics of the labour market: Nordic employment regime\n			Generosity of unemployment insurance: Nordic generosity for the low-income earners\n			Consequences of changes in labour market positions: visible regime patterns\n			Two-step approach: controlling for confounding variables blurs the regime boundaries\n			Discussion: diminishing differences but still a model of its own\n	Social inequalities in health: the Nordic welfare state in a comparative context\n		Introduction\n			Defining, measuring and explaining health inequalities1\n			Social determinants, welfare states and population health2\n			Nordic health inequalities in a European context\n			Welfare state change and health inequalities\n			Explaining Nordic health inequalities3\n			Conclusion\n	Income inequality and poverty: do the Nordic countries still constitute a family of their own?\n		Introduction\n			Welfare regimes and poverty and inequality\n			Poverty, income and income inequality: definitions and measurements\n			Data\n			Results\n			Conclusion\n	Is immigration challenging the economic sustainability of the Nordic welfare model?\n		Introduction\n			Effects of immigration on the labour markets of receiving countries\n			Immigrants’ labour force participation and earnings\n			Take-up of cash transfers among the native-born and immigrants\n			Immigration and public sector finances\n			Conclusion\n	Nordic responses to rising inequalities: still pursuing a distinct path or joining the rest?\n		Consequences of immigration and ethnic diversity\n			Consequences of changes in gendered family and employment patterns\n			Consequences of changes in public welfare provision\n			Are the Nordic responses to social inequalities better, worse or different from those of other countries?\n	Index