Ceramics science and technology. / Vol. 3, Synthesis and processing

Content: Preface XV    List of Contributors XVII     Part I Powders 1     1 Powder Compaction by Dry Pressing 3  Rainer Oberacker     1.1 Introduction 3     1.2 Fundamental Aspects of Dry Pressing 3     1.3 Practice of Uniaxial Compaction 19     1.4 Practice of Isostatic Compaction 25     1.5 Granulation of Ceramic Powders 29     References 34     2 Tape Casting 39  Andreas Roosen     2.1 Use of the Tape Casting Process 39     2.2 Process Variations 41     2.3 Tape Casting Process 42     2.4 Components of the Slurry 44     2.5 Preparation of the Slurry and its Properties 51     2.6 Tape Casting 52     2.7 Machining, Metallization, and Lamination 55     2.8 Binder Burnout 56     2.9 Firing 56     2.10 Summary 58     References 58     3 Hydrothermal Routes to Advanced Ceramic Powders and Materials 63  Wojciech L. Suchanek and Richard E. Riman     3.1 Introduction to Hydrothermal Synthesis 63     3.2 Engineering Ceramic Synthesis in Hydrothermal Solution 69     3.3 Materials Chemistry of Hydrothermal Ceramic Powders 74     3.4 Ceramics Processed from Hydrothermally Synthesized Powders 80     3.5 Summary 88     References 88     4 Liquid Feed-Flame Spray Pyrolysis (LF-FSP) in the Synthesis of Single- and Mixed-Metal Oxide Nanopowders 97  Richard M. Laine     4.1 Introduction 97     4.2 Basic Concepts of Nanopowder Formation During LF-FSP 100     4.3 Can Nanoparticles Be Prepared That Consist of Mixed Phases? 104     4.4 Which Particle Morphologies Can be Accessed? 107     4.5 Can Nanopowders Be Doped? 110     References 116     5 Sol   Gel Processing of Ceramics 121  Nicola Husing     5.1 Introduction 121     5.2 Principles of Sol   Gel Processing 122     5.3 Porous Materials 126     5.4 Hybrid Materials 130     5.5 Bioactive Sol   Gel Materials 133     References 137     Part II Densification and Beyond 141     6 Sintering 143  Suk-Joong L. Kang     6.1 Sintering Phenomena 143     6.2 Solid-State Sintering 144     6.3 Liquid-Phase Sintering 156     6.4 Summary 164     References 165     7 Hot Isostatic Pressing and Gas-Pressure Sintering 171  Michael J. Hoffmann, Stefan Funfschilling, and Deniz Kahraman     7.1 Introduction 171     7.2 Sintering Mechanisms with Applied Pressure 172     7.3 Silicon Nitride Ceramics: Comparison of Capsule HIP and Sinter-HIP Technology 175     7.4 Other Applications 182     References 185     8 Hot Pressing and Spark Plasma Sintering 189  Mats Nygren and Zhijian Shen     8.1 Introduction 189     8.2 Advantages of Sintering Under a Uniaxial Pressure 190     8.3 Conventional Hot Presses 193     8.4 SPS Set-Up 194     8.5 Unique Features and Advantages of the SPS Process 196     8.6 The Role of High Pressure 197     8.7 The Role of Rapid and Effective Heating 199     8.8 The Role of Pulsed Direct Current 202     8.9 Microstructural Prototyping by SPS 203     8.10 Potential Industrial Applications 213     References 213     9 Fundamentals and Methods of Ceramic Joining 215  K. Scott Weil     9.1 Introduction 215     9.2 Basic Phenomena in Ceramic Joining 216     9.3 Methods of Joining 227     9.4 Conclusions 243     References 243     10 Machining and Finishing of Ceramics 247  Eckart Uhlmann, Gregor Hasper, Thomas Hoghe, Christoph Hubert, Vanja Mihotovic, and Christoph Sammler     10.1 Introduction 247     10.2 Face and Profile Grinding 248     10.3 Current Status and Future Prospects 251     10.4 Double-Face Grinding with Planetary Kinematics 252     10.5 Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding 256     10.6 Abrasive Flow Machining 261     10.7 Outlook 264     References 265     Part III Films and Coatings 267     11 Vapor-Phase Deposition of Oxides 269  Lambert Alff, Andreas Klein, Philipp Komissinskiy, and Jose Kurian     11.1 Introduction 269     11.2 Summary 289     References 289     12 Metal   Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Films and Nanostructures 291  Sanjay Mathur, Aadesh Pratap Singh, Ralf Muller, Tessa Leuning, Thomas Lehnen, and Hao Shen     12.1 Introduction 291     12.2 Metal Oxide Film Deposition 300     12.3 The Precursor Concept in CVD 313     12.4 Metal Oxide Coatings 321     12.5 Summary 327     References 330     Part IV Manufacturing Technology 337     13 Powder Characterization 339  Wolfgang Sigmund, Vasana Maneeratana, and Shu-Hau Hsu     13.1 Introduction 339     13.2 Chemical Composition and Surface Characterization 343     13.3 Particle Sizing and Data Interpretation 354     13.4 Physical Properties 363     13.5 Summary 367     References 367     14 Process Defects 369  Keizo Uematsu     14.1 Introduction 369     14.2 Bulk Examination Methods 370     14.3 Characterization Methods for Green Compact 371     14.4 Process Defects in Ceramics 375     References 393     15 Nonconventional Polymers in Ceramic Processing: Thermoplastics and Monomers 395  John W. Halloran     15.1 Introduction: Ceramic Green Bodies as Filled Polymers 395     15.2 Thermoplastics in Ceramic Processing 396     15.3 A Brief Review of Thermoplastics Used in Ceramic Forming 397     15.4 Melt Spinning of Fibers 397     15.5 Single-Component Extrusion and       Plastics Processing       398     15.6 Thermoplastic Green Machining 400     15.7 Thermoplastic Coextrusion 401     15.8 Crystallinity in Thermoplastics 403     15.9 Compounding Thermoplastic Blends 404     15.10 Volumetric Changes in Thermoplastic   Ceramic Compounds 405     15.11 Polymer Formation by Polymerization of Suspensions in Monomers 407     15.12 Summary 410     References 411     16 Manufacturing Technology: Rapid Prototyping 415  James D. McGuffin-Cawley     16.1 Introduction 415     16.2 Outline of Ceramic Processing 418     16.3 Solid Freeform Fabrication 422     16.4 Additive Prototyping Processes 422     16.5 Sheet-Based Processes 427     16.6 Formative Prototyping Methods 427     16.7 Casting Methods 428     16.8 Plastic-Forming Methods 428     16.9 Subtractive Methods 429     16.10 Examples of SFF 429     16.11 Summary 432     References 432     Part V Alternative Strategies to Ceramics 439     17 Sintering of Nanograin Ceramics 441  I.-Wei Chen and Xiaohui Wang     17.1 Introduction 441     17.2 Background: What Went Wrong With Conventional Thinking? 442     17.3 Two-Step Sintering of Y2O3 445     17.4 Two-Step Sintering of Other Ceramics 451     17.5 Conclusions 453     References 454     18 Polymer-Derived Ceramics 457  Emanuel Ionescu     18.1 Introduction 457     18.2 Preceramic Polymers 457     18.3 Polymer-to-Ceramic Transformation 459     18.4 Processing Techniques for PDCs 462     18.5 High-Temperature Behavior of PDCs 470     18.6 Electrical Properties of PDCs 478     18.7 Magnetic Properties of PDCs 481     18.8 Polymer-Derived Ceramic Membranes 483     18.9 Microfabrication of PDC-Based Components for MEMS Applications 485     18.10 Summary and Outlook 491     References 492     19 High-Pressure Routes to Ceramics 501  Dmytro A. Dzivenko and Ralf Riedel     19.1 Introduction 501     19.2 Static High-Pressure Techniques 502     19.3 Shock-Wave Techniques 508     19.4 Synthesis of Cubic Silicon Nitride 511     References 513     Index 519