Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Ageing

Contents
1 Introduction
	Cellular Senescence
	Genomic Instability
	Telomeres
	Epigenetic
	Proteostasis
	Deregulated Nutrient-Sensing
	Mitochondria/Oxidative Stress
	Stem Cell Exhaustion
	Cell to Cell Communication
	Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP)
	References
2 Genomic Instability
	Maintenance of Genomic Integrity
	Causes of Genomic Instability
	Types of Genomic Instability
	Consequences of Genomic Instability
		Clinical Consequences
		The Association Between Genomic Instability and Ageing
	Perspectives
	References
3 Telomeres
	Telomeres at a Glance
	A Long History for a Short Repetitive Sequence
	Here Is a Tip: How to Maintain Telomeres to Go Longer
	The Good, the Short, and the Long
	A Short Talk on Telomere Measurement
	The Termini Part of This Chapter
	References
4 Epigenetic Changes in Aging: The Contribution of SIRT1 to Longevity
	Introduction
	Epigenetic Changes in Aging
	DNA Methylation
	Histone Modifications
	Histone Methylation
	Histone Acetylation
	Involvement of SIRT1 with Aging and Longevity
	SIRT1 and DNA Methylation
	SIRT1 and Histone Methylation
	SIRT1 and Histone Acetylation
	SIRT1 Contributing to Non-epigenetic Mechanisms Essential for the Aging Process
	Concluding Remarks
	References
5 Proteostasis, Proteodynamics and Cellular Aging
	Introduction
	Proteostasis or Proteodynamics?
	Why the Proteins Deteriorate Quantitatively and Qualitatively with Time/Age?
	Summary and Conclusion
	References
6 Mitochondria and Ageing
	Introduction
	Mitochondria: A Central Hub of Energy and Metabolism
	Mitochondrial ROS and Antioxidant Defense System
	Mitochondrial (dys)Functions and Aging
	Conclusion
	References
7 Stem Cell Exhaustion
	Ageing and Stem Cells
		Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)
		Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Immunity
		Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC)
	References
8 Cell-to-Cell Communication in Aging: Mechanisms, Impact and Therapeutic Prospects
	Introduction
		Concept of Cell-to-Cell Communication
		Importance of Understanding How Cell-to-Cell Communication Influences Aging
		Scope and Objectives of This Review
	Mechanisms of Cell-to-Cell Communication in Aging
		Intercellular Signaling Pathways
		Intercellular Communication Alterations During Aging
	Cellular Senescence
		Senescence as a Communication Phenomenon
		Impact of Cellular Senescence on Tissue Function
	Immunosenescence and Inflammaging
		Immunosenescence: The Aging Immune System
		Inflammaging: Chronic Inflammation in Aging
	Cell Communication and Longevity
		Genetic and Dietary Influences
		Caloric Restriction and Hormesis
	Therapeutic Approaches
		Targeting Cell Communication for Aging Interventions
		Senotherapy: Senolytics and Senomorphics
	Future Directions
		Unanswered Questions
		Technological Advances
	Conclusion
	References
9 The Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype: Induction, Regulation, Function and Therapeutic Interventions to Counteract the Negative Effects
	Aging and Inflammaging
	Cell Senescence
	The SASP
		Heterogeneous Composition of the SASP
		Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation
		Intracellular Signaling Pathways
		Epigenetic Regulation
	Pleiotropic Effects of the SASP
	Cell Senescence and the SASP Contribute to Aging and Age-Associated Diseases
	Targeting Senescent Cells and the SASP
	Conclusive Remarks
	References
10 Cellular Senescence
	Introduction
	What Is Cellular Senescence and How Does It Occur?
	Multiple Physiological Roles of Senescence
	Molecular Mechanisms of Senescence and SASP
	Senescent Cells and Aging
	Senescence in the Immune System
	Senescent Cells and Cancer
	Senescent Cell Clearance
	Potential Interventions
		Cancer
		Senolytics and Senomorphics
	Conclusion
	References