Canadian democracy

Brief Contents......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Figures and Tables......Page 8
Boxes......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Highlights of the Eighth Edition......Page 14
Acknowledgements......Page 18
Part I  Introduction......Page 19
 1  An Introduction to Political Life......Page 20
  What Is Politics?......Page 22
  Power......Page 24
  State and Government......Page 26
  Democracy......Page 32
   Is Democracy a Processor an Outcome?......Page 38
  Political Identities......Page 41
  Political Fault Lines, Old and New......Page 45
  Review Exercises......Page 47
Part II  The Societal Context of Politics......Page 49
 2  Political Culture......Page 50
  Ideologies, Values, and Institutions......Page 51
   Fragment Theory: European Parents and Cultural Genes......Page 58
   Formative Events: Counter-Revolution and the Conquest......Page 60
   Economic Structures and Political Ideas......Page 64
  The Political Ideas of Canadians......Page 66
   Community......Page 67
   Political Violence......Page 69
   Public Attitudes......Page 71
   Freedom......Page 74
   Equality......Page 79
  Citizen Expectations for Government......Page 85
   How Different Are Canadian and American Values?......Page 90
  Review Exercises......Page 93
 3  The Social and Economic Setting......Page 94
  Material Well-Being......Page 95
  Equality......Page 99
   Systemic Discrimination......Page 108
   Politics......Page 109
  Quality of Life......Page 110
  Independence......Page 116
  Starting Points for Research......Page 120
  Review Exercises......Page 121
 4  Diversity and Multiculturalism......Page 122
  From Founding Nations to Multiculturalism: The Changing Ethnic Demography of Canada......Page 123
  Official Recognition and the Institutionalization of Diversity......Page 129
  Diversity and Political Representation......Page 131
  Other Models of Integration and Accommodation......Page 133
   The Dutch Experiment with Deep Diversity Multiculturalism......Page 134
   American Multiculturalism: Contested Institutionalization......Page 136
   France: Where Multiculturalism Exists But Is Not Officially Embraced......Page 137
   Quebec: Multiculturalism, Interculturalism, or Something Else?......Page 140
  Immigration and Economic Integration......Page 142
  Review Exercises......Page 147
 5  Regionalism and Canadian Politics......Page 148
  The Unexpected Persistence of Regionalism......Page 149
  Canada’s Economic Regions......Page 154
  Canada’s Cultural Regions......Page 157
  Cross-Border Regions......Page 160
  Regional Identities and Western Alienation......Page 164
  Review Exercises......Page 172
Part III  The Structures of Governance......Page 173
 6  The Constitution......Page 174
   Representation......Page 176
   Power......Page 177
  Community and Identity......Page 178
   National Purpose......Page 179
   Democracy......Page 180
   Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law......Page 181
   Protection of Minorities......Page 182
   Mobility Rights......Page 183
   Language Rights......Page 184
  Parliamentary Government in Canada......Page 185
   Parliament......Page 186
   Responsible Government......Page 187
   Parliamentary Supremacy versus Constitutional Supremacy......Page 190
   Judicial Independence and the Separation of Powers......Page 192
   Relations between the House of Commons and the Senate......Page 193
   The Biases of British Parliamentary Government......Page 195
  Changing the Constitution......Page 197
   Amending the Constitution before 1982......Page 198
   Amending the Constitution since 1982......Page 199
  Citizen Participation in Constitutional Reform......Page 202
   Does Quebec Have the Constitutional Right to Secede? (and Does It Matter?)......Page 204
  Review Exercises......Page 208
 7  Rights and Freedoms......Page 209
  Coming to Terms: What Do Rights and Freedoms Mean?......Page 212
  On the Origins and Meanings of Rights......Page 216
  Rights and Their Protection......Page 217
  The Pre-Charter Era: 1867–1981......Page 218
  Life under the Charter......Page 222
   Reasonable Limits and the Charter......Page 223
   The “Notwithstanding” Clause: Section 33......Page 224
   Scope and Authority......Page 226
   Individual Rights and Freedoms......Page 231
   Equality and the Charter......Page 235
  Has the Charter “Americanized” Canadian Politics?......Page 237
  Review Exercises......Page 239
 8  Federalism......Page 241
  What Is Federalism?......Page 242
  The Origins, Maintenance, and Demise of Federal States......Page 244
  The Origins of Canadian Federalism......Page 246
  The Federal Division of Powers......Page 250
  The Courts and Federalism......Page 251
   Peace, Order, and Good Government......Page 253
   Trade and Commerce......Page 255
   The Impact of Judicial Decisions......Page 257
   Quebec......Page 258
   Centre–Periphery Relations......Page 263
   State Interests and Intergovernmental Conflict......Page 265
   Intergovernmental Relations......Page 267
   Financing Federalism......Page 269
  The Federal Spending Power, National Standards, and the Social Union......Page 274
  Current Challenges of Fiscal Federalism......Page 278
  Review Exercises......Page 279
 9  The Machinery of Government......Page 280
   The Monarch and Governor General......Page 282
   The Prime Minister and Cabinet......Page 285
   Central Agencies......Page 293
   Prime Ministerial Government......Page 298
  The Legislature......Page 299
   Oversight of Government Performance......Page 303
   Representation......Page 306
   Debate......Page 307
   Legitimation......Page 308
   What Does an MP Do?......Page 309
  The Democratic Deficit?......Page 310
  The Courts......Page 311
  Appendix: How a Law Is Passed......Page 318
  Review Exercises......Page 321
 10  The Administrative State......Page 322
  Professionalization of the Public Service......Page 324
   Osborne v. Canada (Treasury Board)......Page 325
  Efficiency and Accountability......Page 326
   State Structure......Page 331
  The Structure of Canadian Bureaucracy......Page 333
   Representative Bureaucracy......Page 335
  Starting Points for Research......Page 339
  Review Exercises......Page 340
Part IV  Participation in Politics......Page 341
 11  Parties and Elections......Page 342
  Parties: Definition and Functions......Page 343
   The Nature of Brokerage Politics......Page 347
   The Role of Minor Parties in the Brokerage System: The Case of the Reform Party......Page 353
  The 1993 and 1997 Elections: The End of Brokerage Politics?......Page 355
  The 2000 Election: Alliance Stalled?......Page 360
  The 2004, 2006, and 2008 Elections: A Divided Electorate......Page 363
  The 2011 Election: A 60/40 Country?......Page 366
  Selecting Party Leaders in Canada......Page 368
   Three Models for Selecting Party Leaders......Page 371
  The Electoral System and Its Consequences......Page 373
  Voting Behaviour......Page 375
   Political Participation......Page 381
  Party Finances and Special Interests......Page 384
  Review Exercises......Page 389
 12  Interest Groups......Page 390
  Charting the Territory......Page 391
  The Bias of the Interest Group System......Page 392
   Pluralism......Page 395
   Class Analysis......Page 396
   Corporatism......Page 397
   Neo-Institutionalism......Page 399
  The Ingredients of Interest Group Success......Page 400
   Organization......Page 401
   Resources......Page 403
   Safety in the Shadows......Page 408
  The Impact of Federalism on Interest Groups......Page 409
  Strategies for Influence......Page 410
  Starting Points for Research......Page 420
  Review Exercises......Page 421
 13  The Media......Page 422
  “The Pictures in Our Heads”......Page 424
  What Do the Media Produce?......Page 425
  What Determines the Mass Media Product?......Page 430
   The Economic Filter......Page 431
   The Legal/Regulatory Filter......Page 434
   The Technological Filter......Page 439
   The Organizational Filter......Page 443
   The Ideological Filter......Page 444
  The Media and Democracy......Page 447
  Review Exercises......Page 450
Part V  Contemporary Issues inCanadian Political Life......Page 451
 14  Language Politics......Page 452
  The Demographics of Language Politics......Page 453
  The Trajectory of Nationalism......Page 459
  The Quiet Revolution and Its Legacy......Page 461
   The Unilingual Approach of Quebec......Page 464
   The Bilingual Approach of Ottawa......Page 466
  A Distinct Society?......Page 471
   Version I: Meech Lake Accord (1987)......Page 477
  Starting Points for Research......Page 478
  Review Exercises......Page 479
 15  Women and Politics......Page 480
  The Social Construction of Gender Differences......Page 481
  The Under-representation of Women in Canadian Public Life......Page 484
   Why Aren’t More Women Involved in Public Life?......Page 485
  Women in Politics......Page 487
   Phase One: The Contradictions of Democracy and Industrialization......Page 488
   Phase Two: After the Vote, What?......Page 492
   Phase Three: The Personal Is Political......Page 497
  Organizing for Influence......Page 499
   Strategies......Page 500
   Achievements......Page 502
  Appendix 1: Selected Women’s Organizations in Canada......Page 509
  Appendix 2: Selected Dates in Women’s Progress towards Legal and Political Equality......Page 510
  Review Exercises......Page 511
 16  Aboriginal Politics......Page 512
  Aboriginal Demographics: Who and How Many?......Page 513
  The Language of Aboriginal Politics......Page 514
  Who Is an Indian?......Page 518
  The Reserve System......Page 519
  Assimilation, Integration, Self-Determination......Page 521
  Organizing for Political Influence......Page 526
  Sovereignty, Landownership, and Aboriginal Rights: The Battle in the Courts......Page 530
  The Institutionalization of Aboriginal Affairs......Page 538
  The Way Forward......Page 540
  Review Exercises......Page 543
 17  Canada in the World......Page 544
  The Meaning and Consequences of Globalization for Canada......Page 548
   What Is Globalization?......Page 551
   The Anti-Globalization Indictment......Page 552
  Globalization andCanada–US Relations......Page 556
  Integration and Independence: Finding the Right Balance......Page 564
  Conclusion......Page 568
  Appendix: Timeline of Canada in the World......Page 569
  Review Exercises......Page 573
Glossary......Page 574
 2 Political Culture......Page 585
 3 The Social and Economic Setting......Page 587
 4 Diversity and Multiculturalism......Page 588
 5 Regionalism and Canadian Politics......Page 589
 6 The Constitution......Page 590
 7 Rights and Freedoms......Page 591
 8 Federalism......Page 592
 9 The Machinery of Government......Page 594
 10 The Administrative State......Page 595
 11 Parties and Elections......Page 596
 12 Interest Groups......Page 598
 13 The Media......Page 600
 14 Language Politics......Page 601
 15 Women and Politics......Page 603
 16 Aboriginal Politics......Page 605
 17 Canada in the World......Page 606
Index......Page 608