Blockchain, IoT, and AI Technologies for Supply Chain Management

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
About the Editors
Contributors
1. Fundamentals of IoT, Artificial Intelligence, and Blockchain Approaches for Applications in Supply Chain Management
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Fundaments of IoT, Artificial Intelligence, and Blockchain Approaches
		1.2.1 Essentials of IoT
		1.2.2 Highlights of Artificial Intelligence
			1.2.2.1 Data Access in Real Time
			1.2.2.2 Information from the Public (Multi-Party)
			1.2.2.3 Participating in a Game
			1.2.2.4 Speech Recognition
		1.2.3 Fundamental of Blockchain Approaches
	1.3 The Intersection of Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence in Supply Chain Management
		1.3.1 Improving Data Standardization, Privacy, Security, and Scalability
			1.3.1.1 Standardization of Data
			1.3.1.2 Privacy
			1.3.1.3 Security
			1.3.1.4 Scalability
		1.3.2 Using a Blockchain-Based Identity for Authentication
		1.3.3 Five Stages of Supply Chain Management
		1.3.4 Areas of Expertise in Supply Chain Management
			1.3.4.1 Make the Transition to Real-Time Supply Chain Planning
			1.3.4.2 Supply Chain and Enterprise Planning Should Be Combined
			1.3.4.3 Get Ready for the Demands of the End Consumers
			1.3.4.4 Utilize Real-Time Data at Every Stage of the Supply Chain
		1.3.5 Applications in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain Approaches
	1.4 IoT, Artificial Intelligence, and Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Management: Architectural Description
		1.4.1 Proposed Supply Chain Structure and Data Preservation Approach
		1.4.2 McEliece Cryptosystem
		1.4.3 Optimized Secure Data Transmission
		1.4.4 Security Issues in Supply Chain Management for Information Exchange
	1.5 Case Studies
		1.5.1 Case Study on Supply Chain Traceability
		1.5.2 Case Study on Blockchain-Based Agri-Food Supply Chain Management in China
		1.5.3 Case Study on Blockchain-Based Supply Chain for Transaction Process Automation
	1.6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
2. Blockchain, IoT, and Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Supply Chain Management: Bibliometric Analysis
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Background of the Study
		2.2.1 Blockchain
		2.2.2 Internet of Things (IoT)
		2.2.3 Artificial Intelligence
		2.2.4 Supply Chain Management (SCM)
	2.3 Related Works
	2.4 Methodology
		2.4.1 Research Design
		2.4.2 Data Collection
		2.4.3 Data Analysis
	2.5 Findings
		2.5.1 Co-Occurrence/Author Keywords
		2.5.2  Attribution/Sources
		2.5.3  Bibliographic Link/Country
	2.6 Discussion
	2.7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
3. Complete Scenario for Supply Chain Management Using IoT and 5G
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
		3.1.2 Features of IoT
		3.1.3 Advantages of IoT
		3.1.4 Disadvantages of IoT
		3.1.5 Applications of IoT
		3.1.6 Introduction of 5G Technologies
		3.1.7 Introduction of Supply Chain Management
		3.1.8 Flows in the Supply Chain
		3.1.9 Features of Effective SCM
		3.1.10 The Evolution of Supply Chain Management
		3.1.11 The Importance of Supply Chain Management
		3.1.12 The Supply Chain and IoT
		3.1.13 Integrating SCM with IoT
		3.1.14 5G and IoT: Emerging Technologies with Endless Use Cases
		3.1.15 New Supply Chain Challenges: 5G, IoT, and Beyond
		3.1.16 Optimization of Shipping via Telemetric
		3.1.17 Logistical Software Innovation Achieves Breakthrough
	3.2 Literature Review
	3.3 Research Methodology
	3.4 Proposed Work
		3.4.1 Process Flow of Proposed Work
		3.4.2 Question Category
			3.4.2.1 Category 1 Questions (General Question Awareness)
			3.4.2.2 Category 2 Questions (to Test Interest)
			3.4.2.3 Category 3 Questions (to Know Their Experience)
			3.4.2.4 Category 4 Questions (to Know Their Preference)
		3.4.3 Data Collection for Category 1
		3.4.4 Data Collection for Category 2
		3.4.5 Data Collection for Category 3
		3.4.6 Data Collection for Category 4
	3.5 Findings
	3.6 Significance of Research
	3.7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
4. Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Agriculture Value Chain Performance: Agritech Perspective
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Review of Literature
	4.3 Research Methodology
	4.4 Results and Discussion
		4.4.1 Ranking of AI Value Chain Performance
		4.4.2 Analysis of Agritech Industry Profile and AI Value Chain Performance
		4.4.3 Association between Value Chain Position and AI Dimensions
		4.4.4 AI Value Chain Performance
		4.4.5 Value Chain Performance Dimension Analysis
			4.4.5.1 Factorization of Value Chain Performance
				4.4.5.1.1 Sustainability-Related Factors
				4.4.5.1.2 Quality Performance-Related Factors
				4.4.5.1.3 Production Performance-Related Factors
				4.4.5.1.4 Operation Performance-Related Factors
				4.4.5.1.5 Sales and Distribution Performance-Related Factors
				4.4.5.1.6 Retail Performance-Related Factors
			4.4.5.2 Ranking of Value Chain Performance Factors
			4.4.5.3 Segmentation of Value Chain Performance
				4.4.5.3.1 Very High-Value Chain Performance
				4.4.5.3.2 High-Value Chain Performance Units
				4.4.5.3.3 Moderate Value Chain Performance Units
			4.4.5.4 Characteristics of Value Chain Performance
			4.4.5.5 Relationship between Value Chain Performance and Profile of Manufacturing Industries
				4.4.5.5.1 Value Chain Position
				4.4.5.5.2 Agritech Category
				4.4.5.5.3 Canonical Correlation between Value Chain Performance and Agritech Industries Profile Variables
	4.5 Conclusions and Implications
	References
5. Applications of Artificial Intelligence of Things in Green Supply Chain Management: Challenges and Future Directions
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Concept of Supply Chain
		5.1.2 Concept of Artificial Intelligence
		5.1.3 Concept of Internet of Things (IoT)
			5.1.3.1 How Does IoT Work?
			5.1.3.2 Applications of AIoT
		5.1.4 Supply Chain Management
		5.1.5 Practices of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM)
		5.1.6 Application of AIoT in Sustainable Development
	5.2 Literature Review
	5.3 Research Methodology
		5.3.1 Proposed Work
	5.4 Results and Discussion
		5.4.1 Real-Time Medical Care Shipment and Location Tracking for HST and Medical Logistics
		5.4.2 Monitor the Storage Status of the Medical Supplies During Shipment by AIoT to Ensure It Is Environmentally Friendly and Enhance the Application of GSCM
		5.4.3 Application of AIoT for Predicting the MS Movement and Arrival
		5.4.4 Improving Potential Planning in HST by the Application of AIoT
		5.4.5 Green AIoT-Based SCM Framework
		5.4.6 AIoT and Green Design in HST
		5.4.7 AIoT in Green Materials in HST
		5.4.8 AIoT in Green Production in HST
	5.5 Analysis
	5.6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
6. Effects on Supply Chain Management Due to COVID-19
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 Factors Affecting Supply Chain Management
		6.1.2 Challenges after Pandemic
	6.2 Literature Review
	6.3 Material and Methods
		6.3.1 Materials
		6.3.2 Methods
			6.3.2.1 Suggestions
	6.4 Results and Discussion
	6.5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
7. Artificial Intelligence from Vaccine Development to Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management in Post-COVID-19 Period
	7.1 Introduction to Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
		7.1.1 Indian Pharmaceutical Market Size
		7.1.2 Pharmaceutical Export
		7.1.3 Indian Pharma Road Ahead
		7.1.4 Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Disruption Due to COVID-19
	7.2 Literature Review
	7.3 Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Antiviral Drug Discovery
	7.4 Vaccine Development with AI Application
	7.5 Predicting Viral Mutation Through AI Applications
	7.6 Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Transformation with AI
	7.7 AI and Blockchain Technology Role in Implementing an Intelligent Supply Chain
		7.7.1 Tracing Medicine in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain System
		7.7.2 Advantages of Blockchain System in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Process
		7.7.3 Drug Information System Design to Enable a Blockchain System
	7.8 AI Application Challenges and Limitations in Health Care
	7.9 Case Study: How Blockchain Technology Preventing Counterfeit Drugs in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain System
	7.10 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
8. Blockchain for SCM: A Prospective Study Based on a Panel of Literature Reviews
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Conceptual Framework of the Study
		8.2.1 Problem Definition
		8.2.2 Ecosystem and Determining Blockchain Innovations in SCM
	8.3 Research Methodology
		8.3.1 Prospective Study
		8.3.2 Methodology Choosing Articles
	8.4 Basic Features and Factors Influencing the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in SCM
		8.4.1 Blockchain: An Underlying Structure of Trust
		8.4.2 Blockchain's Functionality and Adoption Ecosystem in the SCM Industry
		8.4.3 History and Factors Influencing Industry 4.0 and SCM
	8.5 Basic Projections
	8.6 Analysis and Results
	8.7 Limitations of the Study
	8.8 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
9. A Blockchain-Based Framework for Circular Plastic Waste Supply Chain Management in India: A Case Study of Kolkata, India
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Methodology
	9.3 Existing Plastic Waste SCN in India
		9.3.1 Issues and Challenges in the Plastic Waste SCN in India
	9.4 Case Study
	9.5 Discussion and Analysis
		9.5.1 Chain Description
		9.5.2 Transaction and Block Structure
			9.5.2.1 Transaction Definition
			9.5.2.2 Block Structure
		9.5.3 Systematic Analysis
		9.5.4 Proposed Framework for Circular Economy
		9.5.5 Sustainability Analysis
			9.5.5.1 Environmental Sustainability
			9.5.5.2 Economic Sustainability
			9.5.5.3 Social Sustainability
	9.6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
10. Supply Chain Management-Based Transportation System Using IoT and Blockchain Technology
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Blockchain and Supply Chain Management Trends in a Business Life Cycle
		10.2.1 The Management of the Supply Chain Process
			10.2.1.1 Planning
			10.2.1.2 Sourcing
			10.2.1.3 Manufacturing
			10.2.1.4 Delivery and Logistics
			10.2.1.5 Returning
		10.2.2 Blockchain Technology
			10.2.2.1 Background of SCM and Blockchain
			10.2.2.2 Blockchain Properties
				10.2.2.2.1 Decentralization
				10.2.2.2.2 Immutability
				10.2.2.2.3 Authentication Based on Cryptography
		10.2.3 Blockchain-Based Supply Chain
			10.2.3.1 The Current Supply Chain Benefits from Using Blockchain Technology
		10.2.4 IoT Overview
			10.2.4.1 Characteristics of IoT System
		10.2.5 E-Commerce
			10.2.5.1 Best E-Commerce Platforms
				10.2.5.1.1 Amazon
				10.2.5.1.2 Walmart
				10.2.5.1.3 Alibaba
				10.2.5.1.4 eBay
			10.2.5.2 Characteristics of Online Business
		10.2.6 IoT's Role in E-Commerce
			10.2.6.1 In E-Commerce, the Function of IoT
			10.2.6.2 E-Commerce with the Internet of Things for Disabled People
			10.2.6.3 Internet of Things (IoT): Security Challenges, Business Opportunities for E-Commerce
	10.3 Literature Review
	10.4 Analysis and Discussion
		10.4.1 Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain
		10.4.2 Research Methods and Operational Efficiency
		10.4.3 Trust and Transparency
		10.4.4 Information Exchange Efficiency
		10.4.5 Tracing and Tracking
		10.4.6 Other Factors
	10.5 Case Study
		10.5.1 The Obstacle of Cost Reduction Along the Supply Chain
		10.5.2 The Way to Make Costs Less Expensive
		10.5.3 Management of Costs in the Supply Chain Results
	10.6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
11. Perspective Analysis of Three Types of Services on a Queueing-Inventory System with a Sharing Buffer for Two Classes of Customers
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Description of the Mathematical Model
	11.3 Solution of the Mathematical Model
		11.3.1 Steady-State Equations
	11.4 System Characteristics
	11.5 Cost Analysis of the Model
	11.6 Numerical Discussions
		11.6.1 Managerial Insights
	11.7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
12. Ensuring Provenance and Traceability in a Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Using Blockchain and Internet of Things
	12.1 Introduction
		12.1.1 Objectives
		12.1.2 Trust and Transparency
		12.1.3 Visibility and Data Privacy
		12.1.4 Secured Tamper-Proof Records
	12.2 Pharmaceutical Ecosystem
		12.2.1 Drug Discovery
		12.2.2 Drug Manufacturing
		12.2.3 Drug Distribution
	12.3 Existing Technologies
		12.3.1 Visibility Technologies
			12.3.1.1 Holograms
			12.3.1.2 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
			12.3.1.3 Barcodes
		12.3.2 Temperature Monitoring Sensors for Cold Supply Chain
			12.3.2.1 Electronic Freeze Indicator
			12.3.2.2 Cold Chain Monitor
			12.3.2.3 Vaccine Vial Monitor
			12.3.2.4 Electronic Shipping Indicator
	12.4 Counterfeit Drug Supply - A Global Threat
		12.4.1 Impact of Substandard/Falsified Drugs Supply
			12.4.1.1 Impact on Public Health
			12.4.1.2 Impact on Economy
			12.4.1.3 Socioeconomic Impact
	12.5 Blockchain - A Distributed Digital Ledger
		12.5.1 Data Structures
		12.5.2 Reference Model and Concepts
		12.5.3 Types of Blockchain Implementation
		12.5.4 Requirements for Enterprise Blockchain Application
		12.5.5 Blockchain Strenghthens IoT
	12.6 Open Challenges and Discussions
	12.7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Index