Black Students Matter: Play Therapy Techniques to Support Black Students Experiencing Racial Trauma (SSWAA Workshop Series)

Cover
Series
Black Students Matter
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1 Exploring Black Students and Racial Trauma
	Defining Racial Trauma
	Racial Trauma in Black Students
	Defining Racial Trauma Stressors
	Racial Stressors in Black Students
	Systemic Racial Stressors: School Discipline
		Black Preschoolers and Discipline
		School-​Aged Children and Discipline
		Discipline Among Black Students with Disabilities
		Racial Disparities in School Arrests
	Systemic Racial Stressors: Juvenile Justice System
	Systemic Racial Stressors: Criminal Justice System
	Systemic Racial Stressors: Child Welfare System
	Direct Racial Stressors: Community Violence and Adverse Police Contact
	Direct Racial Stressors: Bullying
	Vicarious Racial Stressors: Family and Community Systems
	Racial Trauma Effects in Black Students
	Racial Trauma and Black Youth Mental Health
	Signs of Racial Trauma in Black Students
	Assessing Racial Trauma in Black Students
Chapter 2 Displaying Cultural Humility with Black Students
	Black Youth Mental Health
		Black Youth Mental Health and COVID-​19
	Ethical Social Work with Black Students
		NASW Value: Social Justice
		NASW Value: Dignity and Worth of the Person
		NASW Value: Importance of Human Relationships
	Implicit Bias Defined
		Factors Contributing to Implicit Bias
		Implicit Bias and Black Students
		Black Students and Stereotypes
		Bias in School Code of Conduct
	Adultification Bias
	Bias in Mental Healthcare
	Bias in the Playroom
	Developing Cultural Humility
	Applying Cultural Humility in Mental Health Treatment with Black Students
	Developing a Plan
	Introducing Dialogue Around Race
		Race and Culture Conversation Cards
		Code-​Switchin’ Mask
Chapter 3 Play Therapy as a Solution to Racial Trauma
	Play Therapy Overview
	Trauma in Play
	Play Therapy in Schools
	Virginia Axline’s Eight Basic Principles of Self
	Toys and Materials to Support Black Students
		Dolls
		Puzzles
		Grief Toys
		Aggressive Toys
	Play Therapy Approaches to Address Racial Trauma in Black Youth
		Ecosystemic Play Therapy
		Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy
		Adlerian Play Therapy
		Theraplay
		Child-​Centered Play Therapy
		Child-​Centered Group Play Therapy
		Filial Therapy
		Psychoanalytic Play Therapy
		Jungian Analytical Play Therapy
	Additional Play and Expressive Therapies with Black Students
		Art Therapy
		Music Therapy
		Game Play
		Sand Tray Therapy
	Play Themes Associated with Racial Trauma in Black Students
		Grief
		Connection
		Self-​Esteem
		Aggression
		Independent Play
		Fear
		Anger
		Mistrust
		Protection and Safety
		Chaos
Chapter 4 Play Therapy to Address Bullying Among Black Students
	National Trends in Bullying
	Bullying in Schools
	Cyberbullying
	Bullying and Black Children
	Black Students as Initiators of Bullying
	Bullying Among Black LGBTQ Youth
	Signs of Bullying
	Black Student Empowerment
	Protective Factors in the Black Community
		Religion as a Protective Factor
	Racial Socialization Messages
	Play Therapy to Empower Black Students
		One Mic
		I Matter Cards
	Play Therapy to Support Black LGBTQ Youth
		Mirror Affirmations
		My Support Systems
		Representin’ Scavenger Hunt
		Say My Name
Chapter 5 Play Therapy to Empower Black Girls
	Mental Health Among Black Girls
	Black Girls and Adultification Bias
		Why Are Black Girls So Loud?
		She’s “Fast”
		Strong Black Girl
	Direct Racial Stressors in Black Girls
		Colorism
		Hair Discrimination
		Black Hair in School
		Black Girls and Sexual Violence
		Black Girls and Domestic Sex Trafficking
		Black Girls and Adverse Police Contact
	Systemic Racial Stressors in Black Girls
		Black Girls and School Discipline
		Black Girls in the Juvenile Justice System
		Black Girls and the Child Welfare System
	Maladaptive Coping Skills in Black Girls
	Engaging Black Girls in the Playroom
		Doll Play
		Sand Tray Therapy
		Barbie Dolls for Role Play
		Hand Games
	Play Themes Signaling Racial Trauma in Black Girls
	Play Therapy to Empower Black Girls
		My Beautiful Crown
		Zentangle Affirmations
		Beaded Mosaics
		Slap Out of It
	Resources for Black Girls
Chapter 6 Play Therapy to Encourage Social-​Emotional Expression in Black Boys
	Mental Health and Black Boys
		Black Boys and Suicide
	Socialization and Black Boys
		Racial Socialization Messages
		Parenting Practices
		Toxic Masculinity
	Stereotypes in Black Boys
		Sambo
		Savage
		Jim Crow
		Adultification Bias and Black Boys
	Systemic Racial Stressors in Black Boys
		Community Violence
		School Discipline
		Adverse Police Contact
		Juvenile Justice System
	Black Boys and Maladaptive Coping Strategies
	Play Therapy with Black Boys
	Play Therapy Interventions to Support Social-​Emotional Expression
		Child-​Centered Play Therapy and Child-​Centered Group Play Therapy
		In My Feelings
		My Magnificent Crown
		My Coping Playlist
		Goin’ with Tha Flow
		Sand Tray Therapy for Social-​Emotional Expression
Chapter 7 Supporting Black Youth Through Grief and Bereavement
	Grief Defined
		Disenfranchised Grief
		Polyvictimization
	Grieving Black Youth
	Multidimensional Grief Theory and Black Students
	Grief Event: Violence
		Community Violence
		Death of Hip-​Hop Artists
	Grief Event: An Incarcerated Family Member
	Grief Event: Child Welfare–​Involved Youth
	Symptoms of Childhood Traumatic Grief
	Treating Traumatic Grief in Black Youth
	Grief in the Playroom
		Sand Tray Therapy
	Play Therapy Interventions to Support Grieving Black Youth
		Child-​Centered Play Therapy
		African Grief Masks
		Memory T-​Shirts
		Memory Shoe Box
		Memory Hearts
		Grief Playlist
Chapter 8 Play It Away! Addressing Suicide Risk in Black Students
	Key Things to Know About Suicide
	Suicide Rates in Black Youth
	Suicide Misconceptions in the Black Community
	Suicide Risk Factors Across the Lifespan
	Racial Trauma as a Risk Factor for Suicide in Black Youth
		Suicide Risk Among Black LGBTQ+​ Youth
	Protective Factors for Black Youth
	Signs of Suicide in Black Students
	Signs of Suicide in the Playroom
	Suicide Risk Assessments
	Safety Planning
	Play Therapy to Support Black Youth Experiencing Suicidality
		Major Key Alert
		Rainbows in the Rain
		Just Do You Bingo
		Distraction Box
		Shredded Portraits
	Game Play for Social-​Emotional Expression
		Feelings Dominoes
		Feelings Jenga
		Jacked Up Feelings
		Emoji Connection/​Connect Four
	Resources
Chapter 9 Teachers Play, Too! Play Therapy to Support Teachers Working with Black Students
	White Teachers Teaching Black Students
	Impaired Teacher–​Student Relationships
		Special Time
	Direct Racial Stressors: School Resource Officers
	Teacher Advocacy for Black Students
	Vicarious Trauma Risk Factors
	Supporting Teachers Through Vicarious Trauma
		Group Therapy Support
		Child–​Teacher Relationship Training
		Self-​Care Plans
		Resources for Teachers
	Play in the Classroom
		Solution-​Focused Play Therapy
	Creating Safe Places in Classrooms with Sensory Supports
		Calm-​Down Corners
		Sensory Plans
		Brain Break Activities
	Implementing Mindfulness in Schools
	Play Therapy Interventions for the Classroom
		I See You Cards
		Worry Monster for Anxiety
		Dancing Dice Game
Chapter 10 Group Play Therapy with Black Students
	Group Therapy as a Solution to the School Mental Health Crisis
	Group Play Therapy Advantages
	Group Play Therapy Selection
	Group Phases and Stages
		Black Pride Posters
	Group Play Therapy Approaches with Black Students
		Child-​Centered Group Play Therapy
		Theraplay
		Sand Tray in Group Play Therapy
			Group Sand Tray Therapy Process
		Adlerian Group Play Therapy
			Black Kids Count Game
			Let Me Be Great Chips
	Case Study: The Heritage Youth Connection Program
		Social Media Scavenger Hunt
		Talk Me Up! Card Game
Chapter 11 It Takes a Village: Engaging Black Families and Community Members in Play Therapy
	The Village Concept
	Exploring Intergenerational Trauma Impacts on Black Parenting Practices
		“The Talk”
		Racial Socialization Messages
		Authoritative Discipline
		Compassionate Parenting
		Therapeutic Limit Setting
	Mental Health in Black Americans
	Barriers to Mental Health Treatment
	Building Relationships with Black Caregivers
	Play Therapy with Black Caregivers and Village Members
	Gaining Play Therapy Buy-​In with Black Caregivers
		Parent Consultations
		Filial Therapy
		Child–​Parent Relationship Therapy
		Adlerian Play Therapy
		Play Therapy to Enhance Parent–​Child Attachments
Index